CHEM 111: Principles of Chemistry I

In this exploration, we delve into the fundamental units of various substances, whether they are single atoms, molecules, or formula units. We examine ionic compounds like Rb?O and Fe(NO?)?, characterized by formula units as their basic components, and covalent compounds like N? and N?F?, where molecules are the fundamental units.

Explore the intricacies of endothermic and exothermic reactions through everyday examples. Delve into the energy dynamics of ice melting and water freezing, while emphasizing the importance of the heat change (?H) in these processes.

We categorize elements into representative, transition, inner-transition, and noble gases based on their positions in the periodic table and general characteristics, without revealing specific element classifications.

Explore why fluorine, with its seven valence electrons, doesn't form compounds like FH? or FCl?. Understand the role of VSEPR theory, atomic size, and electronegativity in limiting bond formation. Grasp the interplay of geometric challenges and electron repulsion in compound stability.

Explore the protonation of amino acids, specifically valine and threonine, when subjected to a pH lower than their isoelectric points, highlighting the structural changes in their carboxyl and amino groups.

Discover the process to determine the quantity of ammonia (NH?) required to produce a specific amount of ammonium sulfate ((NH?)?SO?). Through a step-by-step explanation, learn the application of the balanced chemical equation and molar mass conversions. Transform theoretical chemistry into practical knowledge with this insightful guide.