ANPS 019: Human Anatomy and Physiology

Explore the underlying causes of muscle fatigue and the crucial role of lactic acid. Understand the impact of ATP depletion and anaerobic metabolism on muscle performance. Gain insights into planning effective exercise and recovery strategies.

Discover which metabolic pathway is the heavyweight champion of ATP production. We'll evaluate contenders like lactic acid fermentation, the Krebs cycle, and more to determine the top ATP generator.

Discover the complex world of sea urchin reproduction, focusing on the essential role the cortical reaction plays in egg fertilization. Uncover common myths surrounding this process and learn what actually happens at the cellular level. Gain insight into how the formation of a fertilization envelope is crucial for successful fertilization.

Explore the spectrum of movement in joints, from immovable synarthrotic to freely movable diarthrotic. Understand how these classifications correspond to fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joint types.

Discover the role of Okazaki fragments in DNA replication and the importance of DNA Ligase in ensuring their correct joining. Learn how a malfunction in this enzyme might disrupt the formation of continuous DNA strands on the lagging strand.

Explore the indispensable role of decomposers in ecosystems. Understand their impact on nutrient cycling, energy flow, and ecological balance. Realize what Earth would face without these vital organisms.