CHEM 161: Organic Chemistry 1

Discover how to calculate the nutritional energy in a bag of chips, and learn the science behind converting excess energy into body fat.

The electron transport chain (ETC) is a critical process in cellular respiration and photosynthesis, involving the transfer of electrons and protons through a series of protein complexes and molecules to create an electrochemical gradient, ultimately producing ATP with molecular oxygen as the final electron acceptor.

In this exploration, we delve into the fundamental units of various substances, whether they are single atoms, molecules, or formula units. We examine ionic compounds like Rb?O and Fe(NO?)?, characterized by formula units as their basic components, and covalent compounds like N? and N?F?, where molecules are the fundamental units.

Uncover the intriguing relationship between molecular geometry and polarity in chemistry. Using CO? and CCl? as examples, learn how polar bonds can result in nonpolar molecules. Recognize the role of symmetry in determining molecular polarity.

Explore the protonation of amino acids, specifically valine and threonine, when subjected to a pH lower than their isoelectric points, highlighting the structural changes in their carboxyl and amino groups.

Explore the distinct chemical formulas of various acids like phosphoric, hydrobromic, and sulfurous acids. Understand their practical applications, from flavoring agents to sanitization in brewing. Highlighting their unique molecular makeup, learn the critical roles they play.