BIOL 182: Second Semester Biology

Explore the intricate eukaryotic cell structure, from the protective plasma membrane to the vital organelles. Learn how DNA, ribosomes, and the cytoskeleton play pivotal roles in cellular function. Dive deep into the world of mitochondria, ER, and the Golgi apparatus.

Discover the fascinating science behind table salt's unique characteristics that arise from the bond between sodium and chloride atoms. Explore topics like its unique taste, solubility in water, and ability to conduct electricity. Learn how the combination of sodium and chloride creates properties neither element possesses on its own.

Explore the intricate layers of organization in the human body. From molecules to the complete organism, understand the sequential formation of our biological structure. Uncover the reasons behind incorrect hierarchical interpretations.

Discover the essential role of the mantle in mollusks, the protective tissue responsible for shell secretion or organ protection. Explore how land snails, clams, and octopuses utilize their mantles for distinct purposes.

Explore how viruses replicate and the various ways in which new viruses emerge. Understand the importance of mutation, cross-species transmission, and the significance of wider spread in host species for disease control strategies.

Discover the pivotal genetic change behind the evolution of tetrapod limbs, focusing on a specific shift in the Hox gene expression. Unravel the significance of this change and its role in the spatial organization of body parts.