PreparED Study Materials
PSYC 80: Psych and Religion
School: University of California - Santa Cruz
Number of Notes and Study Guides Available: 7
Notes
Study Guides
Videos
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This video explores how sensory receptors neurotransmitters and various brain structures work together to detect and react to pain all within a fraction of a second. Dive deep into the role of the sensory cortex spinal cord thalamus amygdala and endocrine system in our immediate and automatic response to potential harm.
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Ester's perception is influenced by binocular cues aiding in depth judgement. Her decision to investigate hinges on signal detection theory discerning significance in stimuli. Her actions are swayed by perceptual set based on past experiences and her balance managed by the vestibular sense comes into play. The gate-control theory sheds light on her pain perception after the fall.
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Learn how the process of Standardization in test development ensures a consistent experience for test-takers by defining uniform procedures and establishing meaningful scores. This educational video demonstrates each step visually using sketches to clarify key concepts. Find out why Standardization is the term that best describes this crucial method in test development
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Discover the fascinating history of psychology's emergence as a science in this video. Explore the contributions of pioneers like Sigmund Freud, John B. Watson, Wilhelm Wundt, G. Stanley Hall, and William James, and learn how Wilhelm Wundt established the world's first psychology laboratory in 1879.
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Explore the characteristics of alcohol and its impact on the body in this video. Address common misconceptions about alcohol, including its classification as a stimulant, and learn why it is correctly categorized as a depressant due to its effects on neural activity and body function.
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Explore different psychological schools and their approaches to introspection, from Darwinism and Empiricism to Structuralism and Behaviorism. Discover which school used self-reflective introspection to understand the elements of human experience.
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Discover how Signal Detection Theory helps in identifying signals in a cluttered setting. This video unpacks its four key outcomes—Hit, Miss, False Alarm, and Correct Rejection—and explores its relevance in various perception processes like vision, smell, and absolute thresholds.
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Explore the divisions of the nervous system and discover which one is responsible for the startle response. Learn about the roles of the parasympathetic, central, somatic, sympathetic, and autonomic systems in our body's functioning.
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Discover the intricate details of circadian rhythms and their role in the sleep-wake cycle. Analyze different phenomena, from body temperature fluctuations to the full moon, to identify true examples. Enhance your understanding of our body's internal clock and its impact on well-being.
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Discover the crucial role of therapists in addressing mental, emotional, and behavioral issues. Explore various therapy options and understand why cognitive, group, rational-emotive, and client-centered therapies may not be the right fit for everyone. Uncover the essence of behavior therapy, where therapists collaborate with patients to recognize and transform troublesome behaviors for a healthier future.
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Discover the transformative approach to mental well-being by Stephen Ilardi, focusing on natural lifestyle changes. Explore the power of physical activity, Omega-3 fatty acids, sunlight exposure, and nurturing social connections. Elevate your holistic health with Ilardi's Therapeutic Lifestyle Change.
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Explore Edward Thorndike's foundational Law of Effect, illustrating how favorable consequences influence behavior repetition. Contrast this principle with other behavioral concepts like operant conditioning and shaping for a complete understanding.
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Explore the essence of observing behaviors in their natural context without interference in social sciences research. Discover the power of authentic, uninfluenced observations with this informative video
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Explore the fascinating insights from Dr. Tabor's groundbreaking research into the correlation between sleep and alertness among college students. Discover the importance of random sampling, data visualization using scatterplots, survey wording effects, and operational definitions in ensuring unbiased and reliable study results. Dive into the world of psychology research methods in this informative video.
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Discover the dual nature of intelligence - Fluid and Crystallized - and how they shape our thinking and problem-solving abilities. Explore real-life scenarios showcasing the application of these intelligence types. Gain insights into recognizing your own cognitive strengths and areas for growth.
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Explore the unique perspective of accomplished author and professor Heather Sellers as she shares her journey with prosopagnosia, a condition that highlights the distinction between sensation and perception. Discover how her fully functional sensory organs contrast with impaired cognitive processes, shedding light on the intricate relationship between sensing and interpreting the world around us.
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Explore the fascinating process of maturation and its role in shaping physical, cognitive, and emotional development. Discover how genetic predispositions and environmental experiences intertwine to influence this journey. Uncover the connection between maturation and infantile amnesia, shedding light on the mechanisms behind early childhood memory formation.
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Discover the essential process of neural pruning in brain development, distinct from creating new connections, managing neural waste, or increasing brain weight. Uncover how this natural "clean-up" refines our neural network, making our brains more efficient in processing information. Explore the impact of neural pruning on cognitive growth and the interaction between genetics and environment in brain development.
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Explore the concept of social traps, exemplified by the Tragedy of the Commons and its real-world implications like overfishing. Delve into mirror-image perceptions in scenarios such as sports rivalries and international conflicts, uncovering the root causes of negative stereotypes and hostilities. Discover the importance of fostering communication, empathy, and cooperation to break the cycle of negativity in various contexts.
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Discover the four pillars of Emotional Intelligence: Self-Awareness, Self-Management, Social Awareness, and Relationship Management. Learn the nuances of each component and their significance in personal and professional settings. Mastering these skills can elevate personal well-being and social interactions.
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Explore the psychological concepts shaping Alejandro's behavior on his first date with Sakura. Unravel the role of self-concept, self-efficacy, personality traits, and the spotlight effect in shaping our social interactions.
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Discover the nuanced world of drug tolerance using real-world scenarios. Learn to differentiate between dependence, habitual use, and actual drug tolerance. A must-watch for understanding drug effectiveness and its implications.
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Discover the nuances of behavior therapy and its distinct approaches. Compare it with psychodynamic and humanistic therapies. A comprehensive guide to understanding behavioral change techniques.
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Explore the intricacies of psychoanalysis and the significance of 'free association'. Understand how blocks in associations highlight resistance. A guide to the world of unconscious revelations in therapy.
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Discover the intricate role neurotransmitters play in the brain. Understand how drugs influence these chemical messengers, from agonists to enzyme inhibitors. A deep insight into the neuroscience of mood, cognition, and behavior.
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Uncover the marvels of cognitive neural prosthetics and their brain integration. Learn how these advanced brain-computer interfaces can translate user intentions. See their revolutionary role in assisting motor functions.
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Discover the significance of studying fraternal twins in genetic research. Understand the unique blend of shared environments and differing genetic codes. Grasp how their study enlightens the genetics vs environment debate.
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Explore the core concept of phonemes in linguistics. Learn how these sound units differentiate words and shape language. Experience the captivating intricacies of speech sounds across languages.
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Uncover the philosophical origins of nerve pathways and reflexes. Discover how René Descartes shaped our understanding of the body's automatic responses. Differentiate his contributions from other famous thinkers.
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Discover the powerful role of conformity in shaping human behavior. Through relatable scenarios, learn how our choices can be influenced by peer pressure and societal expectations. Understand the balance between adapting to social norms and preserving individuality.
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Explore the intricacies of genetic mutation and its role in DNA sequence changes. Understand the factors leading to these mutations and their relation to broader evolutionary concepts. Dive into the complexities of behavioral evolution, natural selection, and cognitive evolution.
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Uncover the role of teratogens in fetal development with a focus on alcohol's impact. Understand the critical function of the placenta and how certain substances can bypass this protective barrier, potentially harming the fetus. Grasp the risks and implications of alcohol consumption during pregnancy.
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Explore the psychological concept of Attributional Style and how individuals attribute reasons for life events. Learn the difference between optimistic and pessimistic explanations. Discover how this concept impacts our self-perception and reactions to outcomes.
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Discover the factors influencing the risk of major depression and bipolar disorder. Unpack the roles of genetic predisposition, family history, and life events in mental health. Learn why a biological family connection stands out as the most significant risk factor.
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Explore the intriguing science behind superstitious behavior. Discover how accidental timing of rewards influences our beliefs and actions. From Pavlov's dogs to lucky shirts, uncover the psychology of coincidences and their effects on our actions.
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Discover the captivating science of how neural networks evolve in complexity. Learn about the intricate processes, like dendritic branching, that shape our nervous system. From neural connections to performing tasks, understand the beauty of neuroscience.
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Explore the rich tapestry of psychotherapy, rooted in Biological, Cognitive, and Behavioral perspectives. From Biomedical therapy's drug-based approach to Behavioral Modification's learning techniques, uncover the multifaceted ways therapy promotes mental wellbeing.
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Unpack the different psychological perspectives on motivation, from biological drives to socio-cultural influences. Understand how internal and external factors shape our desire and commitment. Explore the roles of conscious and unconscious elements in motivating behavior.
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xplore the core concept of Frequency Theory and its role in auditory perception. Learn how the pitch we perceive ties to the vibration rates of the basilar membrane in our cochlea. Unravel the intricacies of how sound waves affect our hearing process.
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Understand Freud's perspective on dreams as manifestations of unconscious desires and conflicts. Contrast this with the Neural Activation Theory, which links dreaming to random neural activity during REM sleep. Discuss the criticisms and nuances of both theories in modern psychology.
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Explore the techniques of effortful processing to improve memory retention and understanding. Learn strategies like chunking, mnemonic devices, and spaced repetition. Understand the essence of actively engaging with material for lasting knowledge.
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Examine the concepts of groupthink and group polarization in group decision-making. Learn how the drive for harmony can overshadow critical thought, and how group discussions can intensify biases. Discover ways to maintain diverse thought and prevent extreme views.
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Discover the intricate steps behind the reading and understanding process. Learn how our eyes perceive visual information and how the brain processes it, from basic light perception to recognizing intricate details. Delve into the synergy of bottom-up and top-down processing in vision.
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Explore the diverse techniques in medical imaging for visualizing brain structures. From CT scans and MRIs to PET scans and EEGs, understand their specific roles and applications. Grasp how these non-invasive tools assist in diagnostics and treatment planning.
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Discover how perception shapes experiences through the concepts of absolute and difference thresholds. Understand Marisol's ski trip sensations in terms of these psychological phenomena. Learn how individual factors can create unique perceptual moments.
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Uncover the mystery behind reversed-color afterimages and how our eyes decode them. Explore the role of cones and the importance of Hering's opponent-process theory. Break down other vision theories and their relevance to our color perception.
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Explore key terms related to unselfish concern for others' well-being. Understand the nuances between altruism, bystander intervention, and assuming responsibility. Conclude with the definitive answer to the concept embodying selfless concern.
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Unpack the significance of operational definitions in research. Learn how these clear explanations of variables ensure study replicability, boost reliability, and fortify credibility. Understand their pivotal role in standardizing scientific studies.
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Explore the importance of the DSM-5 in psychology and psychiatry, serving as a comprehensive diagnostic tool. Understand its role in ensuring consistent diagnoses, guiding treatments, and its impact on research and insurance. Witness the DSM-5's evolving nature and its role in reducing stigma.
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Explore the principles of functionalistic psychology, from its emphasis on understanding the purpose behind our thoughts and behaviors to its integration of pragmatism and evolutionary perspectives. Discover how context, individual differences, and a holistic approach play pivotal roles in this psychological framework.
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Explore the tenets of deism, a philosophical perspective from the Enlightenment that emphasizes belief in a creator who doesn't intervene in the universe's affairs. Delve into its rise alongside scientific inquiry and its influential proponents, such as Paine, Jefferson, and Franklin.
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Egocentrism, a cognitive bias, causes individuals to prioritize their perspectives, influencing decisions and interactions. Using relatable scenarios with college students and vacation planning, we examine how egocentrism operates and ways to challenge this bias through empathy and perspective-taking.
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Unpack the concept of CER, or Conditioned Emotional Response, in psychology. It signifies an emotional reaction stemming from classical conditioning, linking neutral stimuli with significant emotional events. Examples include fears developed after traumatic experiences.
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Explore the nuances of Explicit and Implicit Memories. While Explicit Memory acts as our factual database and life's scrapbook, Implicit Memory operates subtly, influencing our actions through past experiences. Delve into their subtypes, from Episodic and Semantic to Procedural, Priming, and Conditioning.
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Explore the concept of 'generalization' in behavior modification. Discover its significance in practical application, efficiency, and adaptability. Learn how skills learned in one context can be applied universally.
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Explore the concept of operant conditioning as a behavioral learning process. Unravel how actions can be influenced by reinforcement or punishment. Dive into B.F. Skinner's contributions and real-life examples.
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Discover how texture gradients shape our depth perception both indoors and outdoors. Explore how various environmental patterns provide depth cues. Understand the blend of Gestalt principles and depth cues in shaping our visual experience.
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Unravel the workings of the cognitive unconscious and its influential role in our daily lives. Learn how it silently steers our thoughts, behaviors, and preferences. Discover the power of the cognitive unconscious in both routine tasks and complex decisions.
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Discover various psychological interpretations of dreams, from Freud's repressed desires to cognitive processes. Learn about the activation-synthesis model that attributes dreams to random neural activity. Understand how the mind crafts narratives from seemingly random dream sequences.
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Discover the intricacies of our olfactory system and how it connects to emotions and memories. Learn how odorant molecules interact with receptors and influence brain regions. Grasp why certain smells can evoke powerful feelings or vivid recollections.
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Explore the essential role of the primary visual cortex, Area V1, in processing our visual world. Understand its location in the occipital lobe and its interactions with structures like the thalamus. Uncover the intricate stages that make vision possible.
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Explore Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development, tracing the progression from early childhood to adulthood. Understand the shifts from consequence-driven decisions to societal rule adherence, culminating in universal ethical principles. Discover how moral reasoning matures through life stages.
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Discover the concept of physiological arousal and how various psychological theories interpret it into emotions. Learn about the role of context in defining our emotions through the Two-Factor Theory. Grasp the significance of cognitive labeling in different scenarios.
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Explore the life and work of Abraham Harold Maslow, a pivotal figure in American psychology. Delve into Maslow's groundbreaking Hierarchy of Needs, a model prioritizing human needs from basic physiological necessities to self-actualization. Understand the significance of satisfying lower-level needs before addressing higher ones.
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Discover the complexities of the prisoner's dilemma, a cornerstone scenario in game theory. Delve into the tensions between mutual cooperation and individual self-interest, and the consequences that emerge from these decisions. Grasp the inherent conflict between pursuing personal advantages and the broader benefits of collaboration.
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Explore the intriguing concept of altruism and its manifestations in the animal kingdom. Understand how Kin Selection, rooted in evolutionary biology, provides a compelling explanation for selfless behaviors that seemingly benefit others more than oneself.
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Explore the factors that shape human attraction, from inherent traits like appearance and personality to situational factors like proximity. Understand why we're often drawn to those who are similar or close to us. Discover how circumstances influence the dynamics of attraction.
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Explore the principles of Social Exchange Theory and its role in understanding relationships. Learn how individuals balance benefits and costs in interactions. Delve into the concept of equity, highlighting the balance sought in partnerships.
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Explore the intricate facets of human understanding, from Emotional Intelligence to Cognitive Dissonance. Discover how elements like empathy, social influence, and social cognition come together to provide a holistic insight into human behavior.
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Explore the concept of attributing behaviors to internal characteristics versus external situations. Understand how we often lean towards dispositional attributions, even when external factors are significant. Discover the essence of correspondence bias and its role in our daily interpretations.
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Discover the intricacies of associative learning in psychology. Differentiate between concepts like classical conditioning and operant conditioning. Gain insights into how our brains form patterns and shape responses based on experiences.
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Explore Hans Selye's groundbreaking General Adaptation Syndrome, detailing the body's three-stage response to stress. Learn about the physiological reactions in each stage, from alarm to exhaustion. Grasp the importance of managing chronic stress and its potential health implications.
First Video In Our Three Part Series for Midterms
Intro to Psychology: Pioneers of Early Mind Exploratio
Explore the fascinating history of psychology, from its ancient roots in Greek, Egyptian, and Chinese thought to modern neuroscience. Join us on a journey through the groundbreaking theories and experiments of pioneers like Freud, Jung, Watson, and Maslow. Discover how psychology has evolved into a diverse field that continues to unravel the complexities of the human mind and behavior.
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Intro to Psychology: Biopsychology Fundamentals
This video explores basic biopsychology, unraveling the complex connections between the brain, behavior, and sensory perception. It examines key brain regions, neurotransmitters, and hormones that govern human thoughts and emotions
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Behaviorism to Consciousness: A Deep Look into Learning and Memory
This video offers a comprehensive exploration into the realms of behaviorism, classical and operant conditioning, and observational learning, punctuated by luminaries like Pavlov and Bandura. Dive deeper into cognitive learning and how figures like Piaget have revolutionized understanding. Learn the intricacies of memory—from encoding to retrieval, and its pitfalls. Finally, delve into consciousness, from daily wakefulness to altered states induced by meditation or drugs. It's a holistic guide t