Paige DeWitt­Holub

Are huguenots and calvinists the same?

    Intro to Modern Europe (17th  ): Lecture Day 1 

1/20

Lecture #1:

30 Years War,

1. 1618-48

2. France vs. Habsburgs

3. Holy Roman Empire

4. Spain vs. Dutch

5. Frederick

6. Palatinate

7. Calvinists

8. Bohemia

9. White Mt., 1620

10. Bohemia 1618-25 -> beginning of Calvinist movement 11. Danish(Lutheran), 1625-29 -> 1609 Danes kicked in, French not  ready to give in

12. Edict of Restitution, 1629

13. Louis XIII, D. 1643 – remnants of their own Calvinist Rebellion,  Huguenots

14. Richelieum, p. 1642

When did the calvinist movement start?

15. Swedish, 1630-35

16. Gustav Adolph D. 1632

17. Lutzen, 1632 If you want to learn more check out Can you access a public field through a static method of the class?

18. Franco Swedish, 1635 – 1648

19. Absolutism

20. Louis XIV (1643 – 1715)

21. Intendants 1610 – 60, (242X)

22. Army

30 Years War:

-all European War, except Russian and Britain

-war of international religion (Protestant vs. Catholic)

-French royalty vs. Habsburgs (Austria)

-Spain and Holy Roman Empire (central Europe)

-French decided Catholic Habsburgs have too much power

-French and Spanish Habsburgs and Holland (Dutch)

-Kings controlled royalty by heredity

-Dutch overruled Spanish in 1570’s

Why did catholic france side with the protestants in the thirty?

-late 16th and 17th century, the Spanish a great power If you want to learn more check out What are labor standards?
We also discuss several other topics like It is a movement of water to disperse particles. what is it?

-Spain and the Dutch dropped a truce – 1609 – 1621 (Twelve Year’s “Truce”) -1625 war should have broken out, but a larger war…

-The Dutch Republic: Holland and Amsterdam $$ richest country -by 1660 starts declining

-Holy Roman Empire – Charlemagne

-Habsburg Empires in Vienna

-Germany, Austria, some Italy and Southeast Europe

-position of empires were elective

-Rome was the exception as to how the 7 electors would get together and  decide – maybe themselves, if leaders retired, died

-King of Bohemia (elected president), king of Austria, 3 Bishops strung out  along Rhine River, secular elector -> Palatinate

-Austria Habsburgs controlled the electors for years

-most of the empire, southern Germany is catholic, north is Protestant  Lutheran, some Calvinist (still legally heretics) If you want to learn more check out T3 and t4 synthesized from what?

-Dutch, English, Scottish – Calvinists

-Hungary is Catholic – other controlled by Turks

-religious conflicts are more apparent

-election for a new Holy Roman Empire

-Frederick – Calvinists – King of Bohemia, went to Prague anyways -two Calvinists in Rome now

-Habsburgs – support and $ of Papacy

-Battle of White Mountain:

-Frederick goes into exile in Holland (the better part of the Dutch Republic) -war could have ended in 1609

-war could have ended in the same way

Austrian Habsburgs, Edicts of all houses

1505

Edict of Restitution:

Swedes, 1630-35 – just finished carving out some eastern Europe -Gustav Adolph, king of Sweden 1632, shot by troops retreating Spanish Silver dries up, early-mid 1600’s

Franco-Swedish – 1638-48 If you want to learn more check out What is iodine good for?

Louis XIII (13th) – France 1643 –Battle of Rocroi:  

-French defeat, Spain after 100 years

-Peace of Westphalia, 1648:

-peace conference dominated by victors (French, Swedish) -invite 300 loyal, special people from and around Holy Roman Empire -Vienna Emperor now just another guy at Westphalia

-Spain goes into rapid decline (Phillip II and IV)

-heavy taxes put Spanish in decline

-Spain will hang onto colonies in New World -2nd rate power -1648, no one in Northern Germany in anyone’s control

-Dutch gets formal independence in 1648 We also discuss several other topics like Does mental health bring happiness?

-every day people begin to recognize ruler as essentially their own -if you want to survive you have to combine power

-Age of Absolutism

-plundering from the locals

-losers: population in Northern and Southern Germany

-end of religious warfare

-last war in which kings use their religion to fight wars

-1660-1789 – Age of Absolutism

-Louis XIV (14th), only a child until 1660  

-Intendants: generate more revenue and taxes prior to this, more taxes were  in private hands, take what they could

-worked with local businesses to make more effective

-smaller piece of a bigger pie went to king

-poor – taxes – allocation

-late 17th century many peasant revolts

-some rulers in Prussia try to go down absolutism

-Louis 14th built Europe’s first professional armies – not temporary, lived  together, trained together

-15-16 thousand impromptu vs roughly 2.000

-Europe hadn’t seen this since Roman days