ul.lst-kix_eacfvpq4afy6-8{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_eacfvpq4afy6-7{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_t6ojdl68ikef-0 > li:before{content:"● "}.lst-kix_t6ojdl68ikef-2 > li:before{content:"▪ "}ul.lst-kix_eacfvpq4afy6-6{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_eacfvpq4afy6-5{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_eacfvpq4afy6-4{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_eacfvpq4afy6-3{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_t6ojdl68ikef-1 > li:before{content:"o "}.lst-kix_t6ojdl68ikef-6 > li:before{content:"● "}.lst-kix_2lc2pdd07yao-6 > li:before{content:"● "}.lst-kix_t6ojdl68ikef-7 > li:before{content:"o "}.lst-kix_obpuk67zc3ur-6 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_obpuk67zc3ur-6}.lst-kix_1i8scmym929z-0 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_1i8scmym929z-0}.lst-kix_t6ojdl68ikef-8 > li:before{content:"▪ "}.lst-kix_2lc2pdd07yao-7 > li:before{content:"o "}ol.lst-kix_obpuk67zc3ur-8.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_obpuk67zc3ur-8 0}.lst-kix_2lc2pdd07yao-8 > li:before{content:"▪ "}.lst-kix_1i8scmym929z-4 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_1i8scmym929z-4,lower-latin) ". "}.lst-kix_obpuk67zc3ur-7 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_obpuk67zc3ur-7}.lst-kix_1i8scmym929z-2 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_1i8scmym929z-2,lower-roman) ". "}.lst-kix_1i8scmym929z-3 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_1i8scmym929z-3,decimal) ". "}.lst-kix_1i8scmym929z-0 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_1i8scmym929z-0,decimal) ".) "}.lst-kix_1i8scmym929z-1 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_1i8scmym929z-1,lower-latin) ". "}.lst-kix_obpuk67zc3ur-8 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_obpuk67zc3ur-8}.lst-kix_2lc2pdd07yao-0 > li:before{content:"● "}.lst-kix_eacfvpq4afy6-2 > li:before{content:"▪ "}.lst-kix_eacfvpq4afy6-3 > li:before{content:"● "}ol.lst-kix_obpuk67zc3ur-5.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_obpuk67zc3ur-5 0}ol.lst-kix_1i8scmym929z-2.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_1i8scmym929z-2 0}.lst-kix_eacfvpq4afy6-5 > li:before{content:"▪ "}.lst-kix_eacfvpq4afy6-4 > li:before{content:"o "}.lst-kix_2lc2pdd07yao-5 > li:before{content:"▪ "}.lst-kix_2lc2pdd07yao-3 > li:before{content:"● "}.lst-kix_2lc2pdd07yao-4 > li:before{content:"o "}ol.lst-kix_1i8scmym929z-8.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_1i8scmym929z-8 0}.lst-kix_t6ojdl68ikef-5 > li:before{content:"▪ "}.lst-kix_2lc2pdd07yao-1 > li:before{content:"o "}ol.lst-kix_1i8scmym929z-5.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_1i8scmym929z-5 0}.lst-kix_obpuk67zc3ur-5 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_obpuk67zc3ur-5}ol.lst-kix_obpuk67zc3ur-2.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_obpuk67zc3ur-2 0}.lst-kix_t6ojdl68ikef-4 > li:before{content:"o "}.lst-kix_eacfvpq4afy6-1 > li:before{content:"o "}.lst-kix_kxbs54rvoxvv-5 > li:before{content:"▪ "}.lst-kix_2lc2pdd07yao-2 > li:before{content:"▪ "}.lst-kix_eacfvpq4afy6-0 > li:before{content:"● "}.lst-kix_1i8scmym929z-1 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_1i8scmym929z-1}.lst-kix_kxbs54rvoxvv-4 > li:before{content:"o "}.lst-kix_t6ojdl68ikef-3 > li:before{content:"● "}.lst-kix_kxbs54rvoxvv-3 > li:before{content:"● "}.lst-kix_obpuk67zc3ur-4 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_obpuk67zc3ur-4}.lst-kix_kxbs54rvoxvv-2 > li:before{content:"▪ "}.lst-kix_kxbs54rvoxvv-1 > li:before{content:"o "}.lst-kix_kxbs54rvoxvv-0 > li:before{content:"● "}ul.lst-kix_wunn78wbnfws-0{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_wunn78wbnfws-2{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_wunn78wbnfws-1{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_1i8scmym929z-6.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_1i8scmym929z-6 0}ol.lst-kix_obpuk67zc3ur-3.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_obpuk67zc3ur-3 0}.lst-kix_1i8scmym929z-8 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_1i8scmym929z-8}.lst-kix_1i8scmym929z-2 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_1i8scmym929z-2}.lst-kix_1i8scmym929z-5 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_1i8scmym929z-5}ol.lst-kix_1i8scmym929z-7.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_1i8scmym929z-7 0}ul.lst-kix_eacfvpq4afy6-2{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_eacfvpq4afy6-1{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_eacfvpq4afy6-0{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_1i8scmym929z-0.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_1i8scmym929z-0 2}ol.lst-kix_obpuk67zc3ur-4.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_obpuk67zc3ur-4 0}.lst-kix_obpuk67zc3ur-8 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_obpuk67zc3ur-8,lower-roman) ". "}.lst-kix_obpuk67zc3ur-5 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_obpuk67zc3ur-5,lower-roman) ". "}ul.lst-kix_t6ojdl68ikef-6{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_t6ojdl68ikef-5{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_obpuk67zc3ur-6 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_obpuk67zc3ur-6,decimal) ". "}ul.lst-kix_t6ojdl68ikef-4{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_obpuk67zc3ur-8{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_t6ojdl68ikef-3{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_obpuk67zc3ur-7 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_obpuk67zc3ur-7,lower-latin) ". "}ol.lst-kix_obpuk67zc3ur-7{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_t6ojdl68ikef-2{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_obpuk67zc3ur-1 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_obpuk67zc3ur-1}ol.lst-kix_obpuk67zc3ur-6{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_t6ojdl68ikef-1{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_obpuk67zc3ur-5{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_t6ojdl68ikef-0{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_obpuk67zc3ur-4{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_obpuk67zc3ur-3{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_obpuk67zc3ur-2{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_obpuk67zc3ur-1{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_obpuk67zc3ur-1.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_obpuk67zc3ur-1 0}ol.lst-kix_1i8scmym929z-1.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_1i8scmym929z-1 0}ol.lst-kix_obpuk67zc3ur-0{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_1i8scmym929z-6 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_1i8scmym929z-6}.lst-kix_obpuk67zc3ur-0 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_obpuk67zc3ur-0}ul.lst-kix_t6ojdl68ikef-8{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_t6ojdl68ikef-7{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_1i8scmym929z-4{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_1i8scmym929z-5{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_1i8scmym929z-6{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_1i8scmym929z-7{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_1i8scmym929z-8{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_wunn78wbnfws-8{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_wunn78wbnfws-2 > li:before{content:"▪ "}ul.lst-kix_wunn78wbnfws-7{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_1i8scmym929z-0{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_wunn78wbnfws-4{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_1i8scmym929z-1{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_wunn78wbnfws-3 > li:before{content:"● "}ul.lst-kix_wunn78wbnfws-3{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_wunn78wbnfws-4 > li:before{content:"o "}ol.lst-kix_1i8scmym929z-2{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_wunn78wbnfws-6{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_1i8scmym929z-3{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_wunn78wbnfws-5{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_obpuk67zc3ur-1 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_obpuk67zc3ur-1,lower-latin) ". "}.lst-kix_obpuk67zc3ur-0 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_obpuk67zc3ur-0,decimal) ".) "}.lst-kix_obpuk67zc3ur-2 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_obpuk67zc3ur-2,lower-roman) ". "}.lst-kix_1i8scmym929z-7 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_1i8scmym929z-7}.lst-kix_1i8scmym929z-4 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_1i8scmym929z-4}.lst-kix_obpuk67zc3ur-2 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_obpuk67zc3ur-2}.lst-kix_wunn78wbnfws-1 > li:before{content:"o "}.lst-kix_obpuk67zc3ur-4 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_obpuk67zc3ur-4,lower-latin) ". "}.lst-kix_obpuk67zc3ur-3 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_obpuk67zc3ur-3,decimal) ". "}.lst-kix_wunn78wbnfws-0 > li:before{content:"● "}ul.lst-kix_2lc2pdd07yao-8{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_kxbs54rvoxvv-6 > li:before{content:"● "}.lst-kix_kxbs54rvoxvv-7 > li:before{content:"o "}ol.lst-kix_1i8scmym929z-3.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_1i8scmym929z-3 0}.lst-kix_kxbs54rvoxvv-8 > li:before{content:"▪ "}.lst-kix_eacfvpq4afy6-7 > li:before{content:"o "}.lst-kix_obpuk67zc3ur-3 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_obpuk67zc3ur-3}.lst-kix_wunn78wbnfws-5 > li:before{content:"▪ "}.lst-kix_wunn78wbnfws-6 > li:before{content:"● "}ol.lst-kix_obpuk67zc3ur-6.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_obpuk67zc3ur-6 0}.lst-kix_eacfvpq4afy6-6 > li:before{content:"● "}.lst-kix_1i8scmym929z-3 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_1i8scmym929z-3}.lst-kix_wunn78wbnfws-7 > li:before{content:"o "}.lst-kix_wunn78wbnfws-8 > li:before{content:"▪ "}.lst-kix_eacfvpq4afy6-8 > li:before{content:"▪ "}ol.lst-kix_1i8scmym929z-4.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_1i8scmym929z-4 0}ul.lst-kix_kxbs54rvoxvv-7{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_1i8scmym929z-5 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_1i8scmym929z-5,lower-roman) ". "}ul.lst-kix_kxbs54rvoxvv-8{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_obpuk67zc3ur-0.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_obpuk67zc3ur-0 2}.lst-kix_1i8scmym929z-6 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_1i8scmym929z-6,decimal) ". "}.lst-kix_1i8scmym929z-7 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_1i8scmym929z-7,lower-latin) ". "}.lst-kix_1i8scmym929z-8 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_1i8scmym929z-8,lower-roman) ". "}ul.lst-kix_kxbs54rvoxvv-0{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_kxbs54rvoxvv-1{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_kxbs54rvoxvv-2{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_kxbs54rvoxvv-3{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_kxbs54rvoxvv-4{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_kxbs54rvoxvv-5{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_kxbs54rvoxvv-6{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_2lc2pdd07yao-5{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_2lc2pdd07yao-4{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_2lc2pdd07yao-7{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_2lc2pdd07yao-6{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_2lc2pdd07yao-1{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_2lc2pdd07yao-0{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_2lc2pdd07yao-3{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_obpuk67zc3ur-7.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_obpuk67zc3ur-7 0}ul.lst-kix_2lc2pdd07yao-2{list-style-type:none}

Chapter 10 + 11If you want to learn more check out What are the essential roles of enzymes?

*If you have addition like this

*adding x2 don’t matter where X goes

If you want to learn more check out Which amino acid residues do kinases phosphorylate?

Don't forget about the age old question of What were the main criticisms of the church?
We also discuss several other topics like Why are szasz rules controversial?

We also discuss several other topics like What is cannabis?

If you want to learn more check out What are the 3 responsibilities of the legislative branch?

1. Integration the intensity of the signals as measured by the area under each peak, gives ratios of the different kinds of protons

• Done electronically by NMR instrument
• Peak areas are proportional to # of equivalent protons responsible for that signal

Calculate IHD

• IHD (#C + 1) – ½ (H + Hal – N) (always whole #)
• (SODAR) Hint on # rings and/or DB in a molecule
• If IHD is 4 or more, think benzene ring  (there’ll be peaks from 7-8)
• If there’s a C = C we should see a peak at 6.5
• Can be a ring, or any DB ( C= 0 or C= C) or others

Ex. C6H12O2                IHD = 1

 3.68 ppm, singlet, 3H  CH3 next to OH on adj C

1.28 ppm, singlet, 9H  this tells tertbutyl

Now put methyl/test pieces on the ester

        The methyl goes to the O                        you know this chemical shift

        The test goes to carbonyl side        

References: