BGSU - BIOL 3320 - Class Notes - Week 1

Created by: Cheyenne Elite Notetaker

Schools > Bowling Green State University > Biology > BIOL 3320 > BGSU - BIOL 3320 - Class Notes - Week 1

0 5 3 27 Reviews

This preview shows pages 1 - 2 of a 5 page document. to view the rest of the content

Heart Anatomy •   Four chambers of the heart, humans and mammals have 4 chambers two ventricles and two atrium   o   Pericardium: (sac, smooth) can get infection, inflammation, pain discomfort in chest o   Epicedium: Surface of the heart is a thin layer of connective tissue called the (smooth) o   Myocardium: thickest layer of the heart, muscle of the heart
o   Endocardium: thin lining of connective tissue inside each chamber of the heart, keeps blood where it belongs inside the heart Pulmonary Pump v.s. Systemic Pump •   Outside vs Inside o   Atrium: first part of the heart where blood enters
o   Auricles: flaps on the outside of the heart
o   Atria: cavity on the inside of each of the upper chambers   Ventricles Out v.s. Ventricles In •   Valves: Bring blood to the heart, no oxygen in blood, prevent blood from flowing backwards o   Atrioventricular Valves: one on right and one on left §    Right Side: Three Flaps (cusps)   •   Right Atrioventricular Value: is a tricuspid value structure §    Left Side: – Two Flaps •    Left Atrioventricular Valve: is a bicuspid value structure, also known as the mitrovalve (because popes hat is called a
miter) o   Semilunar Valves: located between large blood vessel and the valve §    Right Side: Pulmonary Artery and Pulmonary Valve   §    Left Side: Aorta Aortic Valve
Plumbing •   Vessel: Brings blood to the heart o   Right Side §    Superior and Inferior Vena Cava o   Left Side §    Pulmonary Veins •   Artery: Carries oxygenated blood away from heart   o   Right Side §    Pulmonary Artery (Trunk): Carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs to get oxygen   o   Left Side §    Aorta: main artery that supplies oxygenated blood to to system §    Coronary Arteries: located in heart, supply oxygenated blood o   Cardiac Veins

§    Coronary Sinus: receives blood from coronary veins and empty’s blood into the right atrium

Heart Pathology Valve Problems •   Can have replacement of heart valves from a donated heart, or completely artificial ones made of Teflon and stainless steel •   Mitral Stenosis: Left atrial ventricular/bicuspid value. Caused by a rheumatic fever, causing fluid in joints. This will cause valve to swell and decrease size of
opening in the value, slowing blood flow rate through opening and may
compromise blood circulation. •   Mitral Prolapse: Occurs when some tendons/heart strings break and the value turns inside out and blood back flows into the atrium, compromising circulation.   o   Heart Murmur: blood flowing backwards in a direction that is not normal, blood is going back through value •   Torn Cusp: Valve flap rips and there is blood again flowing backwards to atrial cavity
Coordination Problems •   Pacemaker Damage/Bundle Branch Block Congenital Abnormalities •   Fetal Structures Remain:
•   Foramen Ovale: opening between right atrium and left atrium, allows blood to pass through atriums while bypassing the right ventricle. Oxygen comes from
mom as a fetus because we do not breathe and we do not need to pump to/from
lungs o   Patent Foramen Ovale: Fails to close when born, ‘hole in heart’ •   Ductus Arteriousus: In the fetus, blood can bypass pulmonary circulation, goes from trunk directly into aorta, bypasses the lungs o   Patent ductus Arteriousus: Simple to fix with a stitch
o   Changes to ligamentous arteriosum when fetus is born and serves little purpose Problems with Blood Supply •   Coronary Occlusion/Blockage o   Atherosclerosis: Build up of fatty tissue which obstructs artery §    Atheroma is the tissue that builds up, rich in cholesterol

This is the end of the preview. Please to view the rest of the content