Chapter 1 INR 2002

How scholars study world relations?

International Relations: focus on relations among nation states

World Politic: broader focus than international relations

How scholars study world relations:

-debate over positive science

-what is the right method?

-what paradigms to view the world?

Positivist Science:

What paradigms to view the world?

-quantitative not as good as qualitative

-both methods used today

-more scientists use quantitative

Interparadigm Debate:

-paradigm: way of thinking and approaching science that is widely accepted within the area of expertise

Human nature realists: states seek power because humans are violent

What is an example of a worldview?

Structural Realists: struggle of power is rooted in anarchy We also discuss several other topics like How do you calculate crossover frequency in genetics?
Don't forget about the age old question of Does each human has the same ecological footprint?

Anarchy: absence of an effective world government

*Thomas Hobbes (State of Nature)

-"war of all against us"

State of Nature: anarchy with no government

Sovereignty: supreme government that doesn't answer to a higher authority

National interests: aka what the people want

Study Na

-security and survival of country We also discuss several other topics like What is the meaning of ballet?
If you want to learn more check out What is the meaning of big-oh?

-economic well being

Global Trends Impact:

- economy

South - enviroment? - human rights - physical security

International Relation

2 world politics

International Relations: State interaction w other states

- war, power, mintary world Politics o looks at other actors - more nanes We also discuss several other topics like Who is robert “fighting bob” la follete?

UN, UNICEF, ect. * We associate international relations with realsts *

naturen

world views: AKA pparadigm suas

- Realist

Differences - Liberal

who the actors are

o how they see the world - Constructivist

a what the main charenges are - Feminist

o solution to the challenges - Neo-Marxism

-

* Thomas Hoolbes * Realism :

177 century polecal theorist dominant way of thinking how the world works We also discuss several other topics like How did immigrants assimilate to and change american culture?

e humans * Key actors are the states

are selfish

and violen

• States seeking power and pursuing nationa interests

Wrote

• heavy emphasis on military

"State of

• see the world as conflictual

before there

was gov't 2 types of Beasts

State of wa

- Classical ala human nature

States seek power because of human nature - Structural aca modern

• States Seek cower loecause og Structure of International

• anarchy exists aka international system

sustem States operate in a state on nature. . pessimistic view a sovereignty: abuty of States to do what they

want when they want to or for their people in their desianoted territor who

interference,

*not willing to give it uot sleven when States mare decisions they make them rationally

o all states benave the same

Study Sou

-1/3 of realism is in paradigms

Liberalism: global cooperation is possible

-most well established paradigm challenging realism

-states remain the key player in world politics and no government means anarchy

-self help is survival

-possibility of escaping the securtity dilemma

-justice and morality have a role in world politics

-war no longer has to be inevitable

-cooperation among states can exist

-cooperation can evolve into international relations

Absolute Gains: benefit of a state from being allies with another state

Relative Gains: state benefit from global interaction rather than just state to state action

Confidence Building Measures: agreements between states to earn eachother's trust and solve bigger issues

Liberal Institutionalism: international agencies help stop anarchy

-international laws

-as long as anarchy exists, world politics will be violent

Liberal Commercialism: economic interdependence between states minimizes risk of war

-trade, production, & investment makes war unaffordable

Liberal Internationalism: domestic government has an impact on state's foreign behavior

-key to peace is expanding number of republics

Democratic Peace Theory: spread of democratic states decreases war

Neo-conservatism: some democracies need to be jump started through war

Liberalism

Study Soup

• Close and to realumo

* States can cooperate o saree, there is anarchy

and do care other than - can be reduced

national Interests *

• Soverenty isn't as important

- States couid give it up o Get's Ideas from the

a importance of human reason

nositNe view of human nature

oraanizations Qoy of democracy

• Zoomar sorerigny

• WORK TOGETHER

• Absolute Gains: states interact and benefit mutually

Relative Gansoane State benefits the other loses

• Liberans influenced by Immanuel Kant

- peace is possible when

federation on pree States ara international

o economic interdependance aka libera

demooracu aca liberal nternationarisro Domestic policy matters bill

a

• Democratic

Peace

Thean

democracies don't fight democracies

more peace

• Kantian

Trianale

international institutions, economic interdepandance, a democraci lead towards cooperation pesce -

* Cob-Web

Models howemeshed in the web are

Kantian Triangle:

International Organization

Peace

Democracy

Economic Interdependen

Constructivism: human agency play in constructing international relations

-anarchy is unavoidable

-Change comes when states change interests and look at other states through their perspective

Balance of Threat: one state feels threatened...the other will beef up and look big too

Transnational Advocacy Networks: international agencies that share common values

Feminism: more women in political power could change the way world politics is conducted

-realism is a generally male perspective

-women have less realist views

Neo-Marxism: war in inevitable, but is more driven by economics than the state

Non-paradigmic research: research conducted outside of the grand IR paradigms

-large part of IR since 1990

Constructivism a emerged after cold War

• realists nor niberais explained and of cold war

Benefs: o peace E Cooperation Dossible o anarch can loc reduced

• CHANGING NORMS & IDEAS

actors

are non-state and individuals or