Description
Exam Study Guide 10/3/16 3:57 PM
Notes
Transpiration
• root – shoot transport
o translocate water and nutrients from root to shoot
o phloem vessels
• shoot - root
o translocation photosynthates from shoot to root
o in xylem vessels
• water always flows towards low water potential/high solute potential • soil properties influence water availability
o porosity, water retention, aeration
o sand – large particles, large pore space, low water retention, high aeration
o clay – small particles, low porosity, high water retention, low
aeration
o silt – in between size
o loam – mixture of sand, slit and clay
o field capacity
▪ soil after drainage
???? low for sand
???? high for clay
o permanent wilting point
▪ soil capacity so low plants cannot take up water
▪ permanent wilting percentage
???? soil water content at this point
▪ available water = field capacity – permanent wilting %
???? high in loam soils, low in sand
o transpiration
▪ uptake in root symplast
???? passes through membrane
???? solute-driven osmosis
▪ export into root xylem apoplast
???? passes a membrane Don't forget about the age old question of How much output increases for each additional input of labor?
???? pressure driven osmosis
▪ bulk flow to shoot
???? no membrane
???? bulk flow (not osmosis)
▪ uptake in shoot symplast
???? passes membrane
???? solute-driven osmosis
▪ evaporation into air
???? passes a membrane
???? pressure-driven osmosis
• driving forces of water movement
o short distance – osmosis
▪ into cells: solute driven
▪ out of cells: pressure driven
o long distance – bulk flow We also discuss several other topics like Which cell parts do plant cells have that animal cells don’t possess?
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▪ suction created by leaf evap
▪ cohesion/adhesion of water
▪ root pressure
• cavitation
o high temperature conditions, air bubble is created, hindering transpiration
• acclimation
o metabolic changes morphological changes
• adaptation
o genetic
10/3/16 3:57 PM
10/3/16 3:57 PM