Exam Study Guide 10/3/16 3:57 PM

How does air affect evaporation?

Notes

Transpiration

• root – shoot transport

o translocate water and nutrients from root to shoot

o phloem vessels

• shoot - root

o translocation photosynthates from shoot to root

o in xylem vessels

• water always flows towards low water potential/high solute potential • soil properties influence water availability

o porosity, water retention, aeration

o sand – large particles, large pore space, low water retention, high  aeration

o clay – small particles, low porosity, high water retention, low  

What is transported through symplast?

aeration

o silt – in between size

o loam – mixture of sand, slit and clay

o field capacity

▪ soil after drainage

???? low for sand

???? high for clay

o permanent wilting point

▪ soil capacity so low plants cannot take up water

▪ permanent wilting percentage  

???? soil water content at this point  

▪ available water = field capacity – permanent wilting %

???? high in loam soils, low in sand

o transpiration  

▪ uptake in root symplast

What is transpiration explain?

???? passes through membrane  

???? solute-driven osmosis  

▪ export into root xylem apoplast

???? passes a membrane Don't forget about the age old question of How much output increases for each additional input of labor?

???? pressure driven osmosis

▪ bulk flow to shoot

???? no membrane

???? bulk flow (not osmosis)

▪ uptake in shoot symplast

???? passes membrane

???? solute-driven osmosis

▪ evaporation into air

???? passes a membrane

???? pressure-driven osmosis

• driving forces of water movement

o short distance – osmosis

▪ into cells: solute driven

▪ out of cells: pressure driven

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▪ suction created by leaf evap

▪ cohesion/adhesion of water

▪ root pressure

• cavitation

o high temperature conditions, air bubble is created, hindering  transpiration

• acclimation

o metabolic changes morphological changes

• adaptation

o genetic

10/3/16 3:57 PM

10/3/16 3:57 PM