Description
HRAD 3473 EXAM 3 STUDY GUIDE
focus on notes and examples from in class
reinforce with concepts from textbook
DISCLAIMER: THIS STUDY GUIDE SHOULD BE USED TO AID IN YOUR INDIVIDUAL STUDYING. THIS IS IN NO WAY COMPREHENSIVE, BUT SHOULD BE USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH CLASS MATERIALS PROVIDED BY THE PROFESSOR FOR THE EXAM.
CHAPTER 7 HEATING, VENTILATING AND AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS Building Comfort
∙ Factors Influencing Building Comfort
o Room air temperature
o Room air movement
o Relative humidity of room air or wet bulb temperature
o Activity level in the room
o Clothing worn by room occupants
o Temperature of room surfaces
∙ Building Loads and Comfort
o loaddescribes the method that is out of balance
o the difference between a high heat value and a low heat value
o loads are practical allocations that must be considered
o Transmission
is directly related to specific heat
happens one form at a time
heat is transmitting it through exterior walls
o Residual
ex. egg continues to cook in pan even with burner off
electric lasts longer than gas
primary different between transmission and residual is that residual adds the component of time
o infiltrationto enter without permission usually from the outside to the inside o opposite of infiltration is exfiltration to sneak out
o infiltration is generally residential and small buildings
o exfiltration is common in commercial applications
o appliance (mechanical) heat load
mechanicalthings built into the building
appliancethings plugged into the wall Don't forget about the age old question of What is dhaa?
∙ Indoor Air Quality
o Thermostats
zoneex. one thermostat in the living room and controls the whole apartment roomthermostat in each room that controls that room Don't forget about the age old question of What is an example of dissociative personality disorder?
location is critical
Heat, Ventilating and Air Conditioning
∙ Heating Sources and Equipment
o Heat Sources
Latent Heat
∙ latent heat focuses on the change of state
∙ butter has a different chemical composition than lard and because of We also discuss several other topics like Why do metazoan animals have a cardiovascular system?
that they do not melt at the same temperature
∙ chemical composition determines
o Furnace and Boiler Operation and Maintenance
o Ventilation
description of the system that allows for the building to get air and the correct values, etc.
specially designed to maximize human comfort
considers the various functions and aspects of the building like load, etc. o Exchange rate
is how long it takes all of the air inside the facility to be completely refreshed (turnover or exchanged)
our systems need to have the air turnover and by code we might have to changes over time
o Sick Building Syndrome
a building can be sick i.e. mold
radon ex.
a sick building where there is a problem that causes human health issues by being in the environment
building materials can cause this
bacteria love water (legionnairesheating and air system didn’t drain properly and water became stagnant and bacteria got into the air)
o Ventilation Systems
occupant controlledpeople control the ventilationex. apartment or home not designed to create an exchange rate, usually designed for lower occupancy buildings
mechanical systemslarge system essentially composed of 3 parts
∙ one is to provide treated air (adjust heat value, humidity, filter and If you want to learn more check out What does endothermy entail?
adjust the speed)
∙ second is a return system; somehow providing treated air but also
bringing it back (withdraw air you put into the space)
∙ third is bringing in mechanically fresh airbringing air in from outside efficiencyvery important
∙ fans that are constantly running that take a lot of energy
∙ waste a lot of money in a heating and cooling system
CFMcubic feet per minute
∙ measurement
∙ these values can be extremely large
o Balance
positiveideally positive pressure in the building reduces infiltrationbugs, dust, pollen, etc.
make the inside slightly positive by bringing in more fresh air then we are losing
negativeex. human sciences, suck all the air in the building out more than is being supplied If you want to learn more check out What is photosystems?
appropriateslightly positive
o Infiltration
wind effectex. wind blew the snow in the crack of the window and seal all the factors of temperature effectif thinking of heat, the materials expand and contract with the change in heat
∙ ex. of concrete
pressureex. of semi
leakagecracks
things that cause problems for our building
o Ventilation Systems
a complete system will control these things
o System Components
output airtreated air going into a space
return airthere is no one right way with return air
fresh airpart 3; bringing fresh air into the facility
ductused to transport the air to the location
∙ intertransitional spacethe area above the finish ceiling and the floor above
register/diffusersends the air to the right placedirects it to a specific location damperdoor located in the ductwork that opens and closes based on specific needs We also discuss several other topics like Who is zits?
filters
plenummixing chamber
o Filters
dry filters are the most common application
electronicionic filter is good at getting smoke particles
metalgrease
∙ Cooling Sources and Equipment
o The Refrigeration Cycle
Air Conditioning
∙ vapor compression refrigeration system (air conditioner)
∙ air conditioning is any treatment of air (can be changed by changing the following)
∙ heat value
∙ speed
∙ water level
Air Cooling
∙ evaporation is a cooling process
Refrigerated Air
∙ Freon eventually goes away but the refrigerant eats away protective layer in the atmosphere causing the ozone layer
∙ different refrigerants are needed for various applications
∙ thermal equilibrium is the bottom line
∙ plays with the 3 things: heat, humidity, air movement
Refrigeration Methods
∙ different types of systems
∙ vapor compression is the most common and what we will focus mostly on
∙ systems are designed for use in a specific
o Vapor Compression Cycle
Closed Loop
∙ closed looppipe that is filled with chemically engineered substance (refrigerant in the pipe)
∙ if the pipe breaks, it stops working; if it isn’t a closed loop it won’t work
∙ the pipes can be a lot longer than you think
Evaporator
∙ inside treated space
∙ Latent Heat of Vaporization
∙ when refrigerant enters the heat vaporator it is a liquid and the
refrigerant is released in the vaporator and goes through latent heat of vaporization
∙ now transferring the heat and into the refrigerant
∙ large surface contact area
∙ water is squeezed out of molecules and collects on the outside of the tube and will eventually run down to the collection pan and out the drain
∙ this process is sped up by a fan (ex. fan in car works more efficiently when more air goes over the fan and not stop and go traffic)
Compressor
∙ outside treated space
∙ pressure is relative
∙ heat value has gone up and now the refrigerant is a vapor
∙ pump adds pressure and pushes Freon through
Condenser
∙ outside treated space
∙ where the heat of the refrigerant leaves the refrigerant by latent heat of condensation
∙ vapor to liquid
∙ could be more efficient if the outside environment isn’t as hot (ex.
outside condenser in the sun side)
∙ if the gap is bigger, the heat will jump faster
∙ expansion valve is the box with an electronic valve which is connected to the thermostat
o Cooling Systems Operation and Maintenance
o CFCs, HCFCs, and the Environment
∙ Guestroom HVAC Systems Types
o Centralized Systems
2 pipe system is the cheapest; allows one material to go at a time, either steam for heating and chilled water for cooling
∙ doesn’t allow for a choice; either one or the other
4 pipe system includes a supply and return for both the steam and chilled water
∙ gives the ability to send and return all of the items
central system are generally found on really large properties
o Decentralized Systems
o Other Systems
o Room Based system
Common type
have a unit that supplies heat and cooling to one roomex. of hotel rooms with individual systems (no effect on neighbors)
one device that controls the environment; also to accommodate small zones selfcontained devices
o Guestroom Ventilation
o Guestroom HVAC Occupancy Control
o Guestroom HVAC Maintenance
∙ HVAC Systems for Other Building Areas
o System Types and Configurations
o Maintenance Needs
∙ Other HVAC Components
o Controls
o Cooling Towers
o HVAC Thermal Storage