Lec. 13

Where are presynaptic neurons?

Stroctone Nissi Bodies

1. Gcular Body

Proteins synthesis

Nedofionis

- Neurd Cutusketon

· Oxon Structural Support .axon diameter

Dendrites

. neciends vnposes | Fransmits to tell

so

och

Ann

. Siender projection des

• Ultrampolses osou From cell body

Mullin Sheath

What are the main types of nerves?

. CholesteDİ. Hab. lipide - insulation / protection We also discuss several other topics like What is illustrated in the multi-step flow?

Neonilemma

texn06+ autoplastic luex of Schwoon Duter dit of Derve N PNS

Study soup

Nodes

Qop in prizalin T. where impulses jump.

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Synaptic vessels

release at synapse 'Propodate Devere un pulse's lorun neurons

What is neuroglia and its function?

Pre-synaptic neuron

SOLO

Communication If you want to learn more check out What philosophical theory influences ethical decision-making?

haptic neurot ransmitted electrical impures

1. synaptic cleft

goes to cell body, - then Postsynaptic We also discuss several other topics like What does triumphal arch mean?

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Fest Synoptic cle

electrical impulses OLDSS synaptic cleft

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ainuos conduction - Step-lay-step depolarization trepcanzotion

of each odj- segrert werden

Saitortory conduction action potential

Propagation albino Mullinated Ooons

Tupes of Nerves

A fibers

- Sensoru.

cold, PNSSON, pour

thamlu myelinatud * Opick impulses

B fibers

"

- Modendhelu muulinated - Visarna sem fio

C Fibers

- Unmulclinated 1. Sensora 'small diameter -slow impulse

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NONTOHandmtr5 If you want to learn more check out What are social movements?

Excitatory

Acetylcholin. If you want to learn more check out What diagram represents competitive binding and which represents non­competitive binding?

D

R Doction + autoWS

Norepinephrine

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raton Don't forget about the age old question of What does osmosis mean?

- (mitriction of Smooth mu - cucive bodi Nysves. - contuote to

... ETHEL

Dopamine

-Roard * Pleau - movement t emotional pune - Dopamine deficiencia Parkinsons

Inhibitory

Gaimmo. Aminobuturid-regulate moslle tool acid (GABA)

Encephalos

1. pain perception

bind to ppiate receptors

Endorphins

. activate opiates

exert analgesic effect (Poin

Study Soup

Neuroglia Oligodendrocultes

I create myelin

only in CNS

Microglia

glial cell throughout NOW. + Spaal cord 1- main form active immune defense CNS

A Astrocyte

1. Star-shaped glial cell un CNS

Blood-Brain-Barrier highly selective

highly selective përmes de menorre - Sepurgtes blood from bruin Hollolar Audi - ENS

per

Ependumal cils

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l-glial

-line įst - fulled ventricies. + spinal cord central canal

Ciliated simple. Columna

Schwann cells - Produce myelin ONLYN PNS

Satellite cells

I. preson to walkia musue..."

differentiate skurtal muscle cells * provide additional muonutiei

within

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Lec. 14

Gross Anatomy

StudySoup

bananen tydnum

bton Ll+ La

bonus médullans

- coor-shaped terwunal Of Spinal cord

Cuodo equinas

- Nee Gibu. # Oy

filom terminale

- Hip of Cong. Medsllans

• CT to end of SOLLI - Dio. Motter

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C+

enlaraments

thackened region of spinal cord

Covering Duna Matter

- Oute most loyer - tough

A

did Arachnoid

- very thin

middle layer

Pia matter

- CT covenna

1. touchs spinal cord + Dav Subarachnoid space

location

- deep to croc'hingud -bton pia torachinbid

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2

Contents

· spongy tissue

• trabecube clear + Colorless

CSF

produced

· By choroid plexus in ventricles

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Puu Space Bernals to duro Moteur

- C HE MU TAY

!

Soodunal Space - internal to do

SCUOVOU

" hothing, Should be in It

Up

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inflammation of maringes

Spinal top

· Lumbär fonctone.

Spinal Top

At 04 + L5 - Landmark: iliad City "Sun Sobcutaneous → uld

> duro

orochinad

Spinal seqmenk. SC

- 12 T

• 1 coccyx

white matter

. fibers

Gray matter

. cell bodies of the

Dorsal root

sensory nerve fibers

ada

Dorsal rock ganglion sensory neuron cell bodies

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ventral root

of motor nerve ribers

Pain

Sertory Recaptors

1. free nerve

endings

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Presco

Ameissners B>Polinion

ITER

- light PSESSUAL

deep pressure

Hoprocoptors. 1.100sition Sénie"

M ilá, tendoro, ligs AD Neuromuscular

spindles BGolgi tendon again

Sweden . SPinal Nerves Dursal Prin

Sensory Skin or back Roms m otor: deep mods of back!

Ventral Primary

Ramus

Motor MusdeS CF anterior + latural trunk,

. U t lover tremt - Sensoru: Skio anterior + latex al tronk, uppert

ocus lour Echenitut

Dermatomes

Sensory fibers of each US - Must have lots of 3 adja dermatomes to lose total sensation at middle coxmadtime

Erned

to

T-4 T-10

Nipple F. 1. umbilicus

Referred

Pain

I - whun. Seinsory heruns from Skin(Sanótic)

viscera Corgans) use SAME nene pathway to brain

Nene Plexos's

threnic Nerve

Brachiaj Placus

- C3, C4 (cs) keeps you alive

motor: Diaphron

• Sensoru: skin of neck

cervical Eindanamente "Sensoru: skin of Shoulder upper limos - Inoltr muscles Of Shoulder upper limos

Study Soup

Axillary

Sensoru: Skind Shouder motor Deltoid

• Difficulty wal Abdoction

Radio

Sensor Posterior lateral am + PROJTYLE | Motor: Triceps, Rictensors foren + wist

. Wrist - Drop"

Ulnar

G

. Motor: Asc carpi ulnars 3 Flocor digitorum medial) lombricas (medias

em Clavorhand

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D

DE

musculocutaneou-sensory Skin Focon

Motor: Biceps Brachijn

: Flachbo of forl

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Median

@

Motor! Flexas of wrist, thenör annance , lombrices Cateral 2)

Ape-band" Inter carpal tunnel Syndrome!

E D

Saural Plexos

Pomoral

Motor Odric

- kg bikein Sion - No pufiek a petellar tendon siat

- Motor: Adduction muscles of median thigk

Sciatic

A tibial

Bcommon

Fibolor

Motor Hostings #loudest Neul - Motor: Gostrocnemius, Soleus, tibialis posterior

Plantar Flecion D Deo fpolar Nerve

Motor Muscles of anterior Lod

Dorsiuion @superficial Foular nevë.

Moltkms of lateral leg

TvSion Motor+ sensory to pelvic floor

* Incontinence

· Bibek can be used in olostetrics for Childboete

Pudenal

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Lec. 16

Cercorum Corpus colloMR . + LH. hemohu. Seperofion houdt,

Ummunication buen R.+ LH.

Greu mater. Nuod cell bodies

Agyr: Ridges there DVD

suici: arbove's

White noite mainly imuelinoured okom Lobes of cerebrun

Frontal motor

HE LT UND

Parietal

-

Serbor

n e

Temporal

Auditory

T

S

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Accipital",

Visual

E

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Insola fonction not completely known Neces of Cerebal Primary Motor

Pre-central gujus Phimary sensory 3.1, 2.

* Posts Central qurus Area of hearing. 41,H2

• Temporal

•All hears Noise, 4R tells you what it is Visual Area 17,18,19

-occipital

17-flashes of light, 18- color into form, 14- what it is Brocas

1.44 45

Spurch center

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enter

(a) Studys

Wernicke's

|:22

Blood supply

1.Internal carond vece of W S

Verbral Arteries inferior surface 'Toole textirall. Laioval Scale Ora Loper exemities)

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Antenor Lederal media Surface of Cerorum (louder extrem

Venous Dronege

Lange. Dronning, braun umpty ind folds of duco

(dural vendus. Sincses) > internak jugular Ventricular System

l' produced in ventricles by Choroid pleU

OLLA lobortis

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L NOST

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Arachnoid gramuship

(SF emitens here

CSP Pathway

| Lateral → 3rd → cercoral aqueduct > 4th ventride

Subarochnad

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Lec. 17

Brann sem edullo, dolang-hindlare anterior to C D2 Wr.

. ," breathing. Juart roke, bodo po

Pons

Part of branisten lohan Mudrow + medalla Rexspireston CN

Midoro - Superior to Porta

- Auditoru + Visual C2 Diencephalon . The launus

"Superior to midomo

• Rabu center, all serbations (NOT Smells

· Hypothalamus

Superoro midova + Inferior to tralüm US

* Sleepiaco cantor sohing, autonome NS,

Ptutor gland RAS

*conuous state, middle of brown Skin, Seródromon Cerebellum movement, Ples censors

SOUD

Bosal Ganglic. Initiates movinent in adult. Conditis in neudoms

Substantia

Niaro

. Gross monendent when d.

in doponne pasochon . Pourkinsons development

Stav SOLO

Limbic Sustentang functions

emotion, soccrive, major memon center

Pathways Fasciculos

Sroulis cuneo

1. Sensoru

- Spinal cord

cond → mudulla. > 3.12

mudulla

.

2

corticospinal

tract

1. Motor

pathway -

4 → Medulla

spinal cord

Lec. 18

Nerchana

Olfactor, t) senso, Sme

- 20 rbotiels pass into

d

bolo noso cautus

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Optic (D)

Sensor - Nerve of the B oall qonglionic cuils of retina

• Passes to talons and part of midorain

Oculomotor (hr) - Motor. Ecrinsic modes of eyeball

B autonomic nervt fiers contais Shape of pup+uns

er

Trochlear (5) Motor.

enoue muscle or equal movement

Trigemina 16.) - Motor + sensory

* Most o modinegion, skin, foce, tutt - Motor m ules mastication

-

Alcovers (1) Motor

. One extrinsic eye. muscle

baba

facol (VL) - Motor Sensors CHF Stasyonu

. Muscles cr facial expression

Sensord for Raridae - Autonomic fibers for secretion of salmond akundi + lacrimal SOUPAN LISTE N

• taste from o ur 2/3 of tounge

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bolautocher. Serbord

balance t sense of hearing

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Glossophard ngal Motor + sensory taste sensation from 1/3 of tongue

bono (IX) - Sensore (potenor sculls of pharyne).De pharyny

-Motort sensors - lovyngeal muelles

ne autonomic files to smooth musle in

our

thorax, alodomen, vart - sensory to larynx t ear

Accessory (xi)

Motor

* Trapezius + Stornocu domestand

podlokal OXID - Motoru

Muscles otorgo

Pants

Autonomic NS

- Motor - Regulates activity of courcibe muscle, smooth musie, glow - Homeostasis "Hautomatic suster

+ IT - components in CNS + PNS

· Nerve centers in hupothalamus, brainstem, limbole

+ spinal cord 2 Neon chann.

DPreganglionid . located in UNS E DE

LA

• ekits through cranial nerve v spinou Nene 3) Postaong Wont located in DNS autonomic ganglion

Smooth inuice, cardiac, alands

Suivati Motor

Motor neuron tall skeletal Mosle fibers thick & hearte myelinated

= Rapid impulse conduction sche Volontary - Ekuatores

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Stricky Soup

Visceral Motor 1.2 Nevron chain (Pre & Postganglionic).

Thin, unmyelinated

|: Slow impuise conduction

•Involuntary

• Smooth musche, cardiac, glands

Exchatory or Inhibitory

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Lec. 19

Study Soup

DHEIT

Tengabail ou partician

Il conjonctiva

Foto PROU AME U-19 INS - 2010 - Cour Hom o vie

o production Shes -Muubus manorunt on a Surface o buhall

a conjunctivitis

Laurinal

"Pink en

E) Nasolacrimale

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"Fin Rue

de la PL Glona por lateral Dr Orloit

- Sers had

tittied to facial HRNE. amal media bar of Orlot > Lokera DBL to MaL cauty

"causes on ND Decidit mocy - 7 miles

of eye Layers of

Eyeball Dutertest

Dsclera White" of the eye o

• Hoogle (onioscle attachment) 1. vascular

gives shape

1. Protects 2 cornea

Paascolar met anterior

tronsparent Middle

Dichorand 1.

O ns blood vessels

- Supplies to pinterior of eyeball 2 cillary -muscles to change lens Shape

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- Home to our live copron

Гурлагина - села јела, в

imal

a) Nervoos : les

layer . 3 needed for conduction Visu Rods Black & white

Cones Colby Danglion Form opticDeve Bipolor TransFROR. O timpulses

Visual D stimulation - Doctoreuptor cells o retina

Response as want reached them

2) Impulsus passed to opHC DUNVÉ. 3) to visual center in cortex

Ophic NeuveBlind Spot

Fovea Dimple, w eyte reund

Centalis . Sharpest ŠIOL.

Visual Rithual

Retina optic nerve optic chiasm optic tract > lateral quniculate thakanus) → Optic vocations

► Occptal cortex

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Mitreous

Chamber

posterior - most chamber Contains vitreous honor - gelatendos

- During embryonic

Shehar -Inco Contesque

Lens

CHS

queous humor

Convergence Myopa

- Focusses image

• lioshi CT media rotahona

'I rotahon of the eyeball for better

Hyperopia

"heersighted

Farsighted

Lec. 20

Study Soup

EXTO

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Dauricie

2) External 3 Shaped tube auton metus

Cermin - Cauay

Middle EON

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Dumpanic na com lined cons 2) Auditori - Connection du mdelle car + pinaruny 3) ossicies + Amaies B) Incus Stope's Inner Ear

- located a tempora DONE Cochlea perilumo tentclumpi - fund side + diside Giaw + : tran ft Vo Cava.

→ Aharonius

auditore

Pathway

cochlear Diwsion of CNV → uleus VW

auditone cortex of temporal con

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Vishbular - equlibaly Apparatus

create

electrical

Semicurcular

canals

dinamic equilibrum , hair cells impulses when they move

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st

Utrick & Saccule

position sense

Lec. 21

Study Soup

Openor ve Infenor ve Pulmonard Trunk Aorta

deckygenath d eoxygens

deoxygenate

and Trunk

s genoted blood from our limos

qun ato bicod Hom R1. Venice 9 genated blood from LH: Ven e to

all of body

Huneral Pericardium - cuter membrane

• Tobnicates heart motons Real Rincardiom. tiantu attached

1 - Sknof an appie

Fosin Ovale - Seperates raht and left an

-o hole that cioses a birth tramen orale. Fossa orale in a fetus

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Epicardium fibrous CT myocardium simple squamous Endocardiom - Simple squamous

tec. 2a

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SA Nede." Pale Mover** Av Node - POLNOS from SA Nede Bundido His . Troc+= G Orduction AO

in

rutach

Prune. FooSwalls of ventie

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Sussie

vannitoatacho Semilunar Valves pun - Av voulues closed

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Dostole

ventricle reioyotion + AV valves pun

• Semiloner Valves Closed

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Heart Sounds

Acronym

A - Aortic

Second mosta Space Pourt - Polmone To - Trcospod

hith intercesto Space morrow) - Hitral (Bicuspid>

-

Coronary Artery

Right-supplies night & back Lekt-supplies lekt & Front

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Tühics

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2) Media

CT - Protects V es * Sincol Hoxies | - Diometer of VSS.

Simple Squamous (pitvQlIUL - Exchange in Capillanes

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3) Intima

VI

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Arteries

> Artes Arabes collanes Hoart

Veins E venules < * Blocci avau hann var * Transport 10 tissues - All 3 tunics

• Expand record Arterioles

All 3 tonics

Reguicutes annount of blood flows Capllanes ONLY TUNICA INTIMA

• Simple squamous venules

- All 3 tonics

thin

collect blood from capillanes

- trampri to veins veins . Volves to prevent backflow Venocontrichon. Cohstriction of Smooth muscle

it in sympathetic innervation

• Redish butes blood

Study Soup

Ar tovios

Vapor Extremhes

Aortic arch

Toft common Corbtid

Brachiocephalict. Subovian Axillara

ExtUno

Internal corchid

Boca

Hand & Face

Brain

Poda/ulinar

PulYY ACK

Digits

Albcomiral Aorta

Gasma

splenic

common iliac

Celiac Trunk > Hepatic

Jofenor Superion messenenc Internal / External iliac Messenere Rena/Genockout ,

penic

femoral

large Intestine / Rectum

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Poputea

Antenor/posterer tibials

Dorsalis

Dorsal / plantar Aich

I

pedis

toes

Digits

Heart

Superficial veins

Dural Sinuses

《

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Internal jugular

external

jugular

subclavian

Brachiocephalic

thorax

StockbpracSVC > ♡

si

-

Axillary

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- Superficial

Veins

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Maaval Ciutak

Brachial

Basilic

Cephalic

Rodial

vinar

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Dorsal Palmar Arches Digital veins

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Foot

→ Heart

none

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Hepatica -

Portal weino

- Sprenic

- Superior Hessentenc -Inferior Messentenc

Ponal S

Common iac☺

external iliac

sto internal Iliac

Farmora

Great

Sophenous

Popliteall

Anterior

+

posterior tibialis

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ventus

Arches

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- Lec. as

Lymph

Pathway lymphatic.

> trunk

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hund lymphatic capillanes ► okerrn VOSSES

-> lymph Node > Efferent Vesses -> doc

•Blood filter

spleen

funchon

White poip

· reticolor hibur - Sinusos

Procoction of blood cells + Platelet Sinode

• filtration

. immune function ©* protoction of lymphocytes

procloction of +-lumphocytes

degenerates ofter pulbert

Thymus

S

Tonsis Lingual - posterior 143 1/3 of tongue

phoningeal - Adeno ds

- Nosopharyny - Palatine - tonsils

- oropharynx Right lymphatic Drains right side of head, thorax, and

duct Rt. upper lumb

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Thoracic doct . Drains everything else

Lacteals

Absorb

lipids

Lec. 28

Transport

Systems

1. Og goes from wings all cells

• 02 → lungs

• Nutrients in digestive tract cells "wast proclocts > Kidneys T Suceat glands - Enzymesi Hürmques → multiple cells

electrolytes

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Protection White bicod

ceils

conical infection

(Phagocytosis or anti bocky production)

Study Soup

Regulation Boch Temp

-body water volume

PH composition s557. plasma

• 4570 elements

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Erythrocute - RBC

-Biconcare

carnes hemoglobin

120 day lifespan Neutrophil WBC

phagocytosis 1 in boctenal infection

A few hours Basophil

• WBC

• Histamine

tin # in Some Leukemas

• Vascular permeability monocyte

• WBC

phagocytosis becomes macrophage

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Lymphocyte WBC

MMON deuronse -vral infection

- Hours urs lifespan Thrombocytes . Platelets

• Clothing

Hemopoiesis • Blood cell formation

Study Soup

Red marrow hemopoietic Yellow Horrow . fat ceils

Hemostasis TISSUE Damage Prothrombin

Blood contacts

Thrunbin hibrinogen

hibrin

Clot formation

Lec 29

Study Soup

Soup

tudy Soup

ABO system -Antigens - on surface of red blood cells

- tells you blood type Antibodies - What the body attacks Blood Types

AB

• attacks nothing Suniversal recipient

accepts overything - AHOCKS B 4 AB

Akcepts o T A attacks A + AB

accepts Bto

• HAS NO ANTIGENS ONLY accepts o universal Donor

Donates to all Rheumatoid.

Factor

."+" you have the factor

- like having an extra antigen

you don't have it

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