.lst-kix_hzh7rfr0lem7-2 > li:before{content:"■ "}.lst-kix_hzh7rfr0lem7-1 > li:before{content:"○ "}.lst-kix_hzh7rfr0lem7-0 > li:before{content:"● "}.lst-kix_hzh7rfr0lem7-7 > li:before{content:"○ "}.lst-kix_yw8q8bf3douo-2 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_yw8q8bf3douo-2}.lst-kix_hzh7rfr0lem7-6 > li:before{content:"● "}.lst-kix_hzh7rfr0lem7-3 > li:before{content:"● "}.lst-kix_hzh7rfr0lem7-5 > li:before{content:"■ "}.lst-kix_hzh7rfr0lem7-4 > li:before{content:"○ "}ul.lst-kix_stn986s3hfhp-0{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_ihq5i86cjmsv-8 > li:before{content:"■ "}ul.lst-kix_stn986s3hfhp-6{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_stn986s3hfhp-5{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_ihq5i86cjmsv-7 > li:before{content:"○ "}ul.lst-kix_stn986s3hfhp-8{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_ihq5i86cjmsv-6 > li:before{content:"● "}ul.lst-kix_stn986s3hfhp-7{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_stn986s3hfhp-2{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_yw8q8bf3douo-4 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_yw8q8bf3douo-4}ol.lst-kix_yw8q8bf3douo-7.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_yw8q8bf3douo-7 0}ul.lst-kix_stn986s3hfhp-1{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_stn986s3hfhp-4{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_stn986s3hfhp-3{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_ihq5i86cjmsv-3 > li:before{content:"● "}.lst-kix_yw8q8bf3douo-8 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_yw8q8bf3douo-8,lower-roman) ". "}.lst-kix_ihq5i86cjmsv-2 > li:before{content:"■ "}.lst-kix_ihq5i86cjmsv-4 > li:before{content:"○ "}ol.lst-kix_yw8q8bf3douo-4.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_yw8q8bf3douo-4 0}.lst-kix_ihq5i86cjmsv-1 > li:before{content:"○ "}.lst-kix_ihq5i86cjmsv-5 > li:before{content:"■ "}.lst-kix_yw8q8bf3douo-5 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_yw8q8bf3douo-5,lower-roman) ". "}.lst-kix_yw8q8bf3douo-6 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_yw8q8bf3douo-6}.lst-kix_yw8q8bf3douo-0 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_yw8q8bf3douo-0}.lst-kix_yw8q8bf3douo-6 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_yw8q8bf3douo-6,decimal) ". "}.lst-kix_yw8q8bf3douo-7 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_yw8q8bf3douo-7,lower-latin) ". "}ul.lst-kix_hzh7rfr0lem7-8{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_hzh7rfr0lem7-7{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_hzh7rfr0lem7-6{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_hzh7rfr0lem7-5{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_hzh7rfr0lem7-4{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_hzh7rfr0lem7-3{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_hzh7rfr0lem7-2{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_hzh7rfr0lem7-1{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_hzh7rfr0lem7-0{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_ihq5i86cjmsv-0 > li:before{content:"● "}ul.lst-kix_m4kec1hrv911-2{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_m4kec1hrv911-3 > li:before{content:"● "}ul.lst-kix_m4kec1hrv911-1{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_m4kec1hrv911-2 > li:before{content:"■ "}.lst-kix_m4kec1hrv911-4 > li:before{content:"○ "}ul.lst-kix_m4kec1hrv911-4{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_m4kec1hrv911-3{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_m4kec1hrv911-1 > li:before{content:"○ "}.lst-kix_m4kec1hrv911-5 > li:before{content:"■ "}ul.lst-kix_m4kec1hrv911-0{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_m4kec1hrv911-7 > li:before{content:"○ "}.lst-kix_m4kec1hrv911-0 > li:before{content:"● "}.lst-kix_m4kec1hrv911-6 > li:before{content:"● "}.lst-kix_m4kec1hrv911-8 > li:before{content:"■ "}ol.lst-kix_yw8q8bf3douo-5.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_yw8q8bf3douo-5 0}.lst-kix_hzh7rfr0lem7-8 > li:before{content:"■ "}.lst-kix_yw8q8bf3douo-0 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_yw8q8bf3douo-0,decimal) ". "}.lst-kix_yw8q8bf3douo-1 > li:before{content:"○ "}.lst-kix_yw8q8bf3douo-4 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_yw8q8bf3douo-4,lower-latin) ". "}.lst-kix_yw8q8bf3douo-2 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_yw8q8bf3douo-2,lower-roman) ". "}.lst-kix_yw8q8bf3douo-3 > li:before{content:"● "}.lst-kix_yw8q8bf3douo-8 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_yw8q8bf3douo-8}ol.lst-kix_yw8q8bf3douo-6.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_yw8q8bf3douo-6 0}.lst-kix_stn986s3hfhp-0 > li:before{content:"● "}.lst-kix_stn986s3hfhp-1 > li:before{content:"○ "}.lst-kix_ke54p48nlepo-4 > li:before{content:"○ "}.lst-kix_stn986s3hfhp-2 > li:before{content:"■ "}.lst-kix_stn986s3hfhp-4 > li:before{content:"○ "}.lst-kix_ke54p48nlepo-3 > li:before{content:"● "}ul.lst-kix_m4kec1hrv911-6{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_m4kec1hrv911-5{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_m4kec1hrv911-8{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_stn986s3hfhp-3 > li:before{content:"● "}.lst-kix_ke54p48nlepo-2 > li:before{content:"■ "}ul.lst-kix_m4kec1hrv911-7{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_yw8q8bf3douo-7 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_yw8q8bf3douo-7}.lst-kix_stn986s3hfhp-6 > li:before{content:"● "}.lst-kix_stn986s3hfhp-8 > li:before{content:"■ "}.lst-kix_stn986s3hfhp-5 > li:before{content:"■ "}ol.lst-kix_yw8q8bf3douo-6{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_ke54p48nlepo-5{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_yw8q8bf3douo-7{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_ke54p48nlepo-4{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_yw8q8bf3douo-4{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_ke54p48nlepo-3{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_yw8q8bf3douo-5{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_ke54p48nlepo-2{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_ke54p48nlepo-5 > li:before{content:"■ "}ul.lst-kix_ke54p48nlepo-1{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_ke54p48nlepo-0{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_yw8q8bf3douo-0.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_yw8q8bf3douo-0 0}ol.lst-kix_yw8q8bf3douo-8{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_stn986s3hfhp-7 > li:before{content:"○ "}.lst-kix_ke54p48nlepo-6 > li:before{content:"● "}.lst-kix_ke54p48nlepo-7 > li:before{content:"○ "}ol.lst-kix_yw8q8bf3douo-2{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_ke54p48nlepo-8{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_yw8q8bf3douo-0{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_ke54p48nlepo-7{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_ke54p48nlepo-6{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_ke54p48nlepo-8 > li:before{content:"■ "}ul.lst-kix_ihq5i86cjmsv-8{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_ihq5i86cjmsv-5{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_ihq5i86cjmsv-4{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_ihq5i86cjmsv-7{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_ihq5i86cjmsv-6{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_ihq5i86cjmsv-1{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_yw8q8bf3douo-3{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_ihq5i86cjmsv-0{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_ihq5i86cjmsv-3{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_ihq5i86cjmsv-2{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_yw8q8bf3douo-1{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_yw8q8bf3douo-5 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_yw8q8bf3douo-5}.lst-kix_ke54p48nlepo-0 > li:before{content:"● "}.lst-kix_ke54p48nlepo-1 > li:before{content:"○ "}ol.lst-kix_yw8q8bf3douo-8.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_yw8q8bf3douo-8 0}ol.lst-kix_yw8q8bf3douo-2.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_yw8q8bf3douo-2 0}

TEST 2 REVIEWWe also discuss several other topics like What refers to a person's ability to correctly identify those without the disease?

• Mixture of multiple choice and IDs and short answer

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RELIGION AND MODERNITY

• Secularization: pushing religion out of society or culture
• New Religious Movements

• Break away from established traditions by blending elements of other diverse religious or cultural or social

• Know examples!

• Sikhism
• Mormon Church

If you want to learn more check out In what temperature do rocks melt down in asthenosphere ?

JUDAISM

1. Patriarchs

• Abraham and Sarah -> Isaac (2nd Son)

1. Hagar -> has Abraham's child, Ishmael (1st Son)
2. Isaac -> Jacob ("Israel") (he who wrestles with God)

1. Exodus

• Moses leads the Israelites out of Egypt
• Halakha - law (commandments given from God), also means "to walk".

1. Babylonian Captivity

• 586 BCE
• Diaspora = "to scatter" or religious group forced out of homeland but retains religious traditions
• Rabbis - teachers
• Synagogues - places of prayer

1. Fall of the 2nd Temple

• Sadducees - Priests
• Pharisees - rabbis (emphasis on "the law" of Judaism)
• Both believed in the end of the worlds

1. Essenes - ascetic (denies worldly pleasures to be closer to God)
2. Zealots - revolutionaries

1. Torah - sacred text read by Rabbis

• "The Teachings"
• Written Torah

1. Scripture
2. Physical Form
3. "Tanak"

• T = Torah; 5 books of Moses
• N = Neviim; books of prophets
• K = Ketuvim; wisdom literature

• Oral Torah

1. interpretation by rabbis
2. "Talmud"
3. Mishnah (interpretation of Tanak)
4. Gemara (interpretation of Mishnah)

1. 613 Commandments in Judaism

• Kosher - "fit", dietary laws
• Tefillin - prayer boxes (worn on arm and head)

If you want to learn more check out What is in the hypodermis layer?

1. Holidays

• Sabbath (weekly)
• High Holy Days (around Fall)

1. Rosh Hashanah - New Year
2. Yom Kippur - Day of Atonement

• Passover (around Spring) - Exodus

1. Seder - ceremonial meal for passover

JUDAISM 

• Halakha "the law" - Jewish religious law (includes commandments)
• Babylonian Captivity (586 BCE) - beginning of Jewish diaspora
• Diaspora "to scatter"
• Synagogue "place of prayer"
• Rabbi "teacher"
• Groups in Roman Judea

• Sadducees ("Priestly")
• Pharisees (Rabbis)
• Apocalyptic groups:

• Essences: Ascetics
• Zealots: Warfare

• Text: Torah
• Tanak aka written torah
• Talmud aka oral torah
• Kosher "fit" (dietary laws)
• Tefillin "prayer boxes"
• Passover (passover seder)
• Bar Mitzvah (coming of age for boys -> men)
• High Holy Days

• Rosh Hashanah (New Year)
• Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement)

• Cultural Traditions

• Ashkenazi -> moved to North/Eastern Europe
• Sephardic -> moved South/Spain and Portugal

• Maimonides (Aristotelian Philosopher) - 13 Trials of Faith
• Modern Divisions

• Reform
• Orthodox
• Conservative

• Dreyfus Affair (1894) - major trial -> Jewish people want their own nation.
• Holocaust (1941-1945)
• 614th commandment - "never forget the Holocaust"

CHRISTIANITY

• 313 Edict of Milan
• 325 Council of Nicaea - first official council of bishops (set the date for easter)
• 1054 Great Schism
• 1517 - Ninety-five Theses
• 1545 Council of Trent
• 1906 Azusa Saint Revival -> Pentecostal Movement
• City of God Saint Augustine
• Sacrament (outward sign of inner grace)
• Summa Theologia

• Saint Thomas Aquinas

• Martin Luther - Justification by faith "sola fide"
• 16th Century Protestant Branches

• Lutheran
• Calvanist/Reformed
• Anglican
• Anabaptist (adult baptism)

• Responses to Modernity

• Deism: rational religion
• Pietism: affective/emotional religion

• Dr. King's vision of church and society in "Letter from Birmingham Jail"

• Thermostat not thermometer
• Regain the sacrificial spirit of early church
• Moral duty to oppose unjust laws (or don't conform to law of God)

ISLAM

• Muhammad
• Khadija (Muhammad's first wife)
• Quran "recitations" (start in 610)
• Hadith (stories of the prophet)
• Night Journey 620
• Hijrah 622 (migration to Medina)
• Ummah (community)
• Sharia "law"
• Kaaba -> cube in Mecca/most sacred spot
• Conflict over the Caliph
• Sunni -> Abu Bakr (majority)
• Shiah -> Ali, Muhammad's Nephew (minority)
• Battle of Karbala 680 ("Martyrdom of Husayn")

• (Shiah rejects legitimacy of Caliph after this)

• Sufism (mystification)
• Jihad ("struggle")

• Five Pillars of Islam

• Statement of Faith
• Praver (Five times a day)
• Alms (2.5% of wealth per year)
• Pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj)
• Observe facts of Ramadan

References: