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Endomatism  is the layer in the uterus. It thickens with blood vessels and vascularization in the anticipation of a zygote. This is during the follicular stage. During the luteal phase, the corpus luteum withers and dies and the blood vessels are secretedWe also discuss several other topics like How do kidney transplant work?

We also discuss several other topics like What refers to the features that further distinguish the sexes and play a role in mate attraction?

Don't forget about the age old question of where are the general senses located?

Chapter 45  - The immune System

• Protects us from infection and harmful microbes or anything that doesn’t belong in the body
• Isolates and removes foreign substances

If you want to learn more check out What are the 3 factos contributing to resting membrane potential?

Pathogens are forein substances to the body. Can include parasites, bacteria, protists, fungi, virus

Microbe / microorganisms / pathogen

        All interchangeableDon't forget about the age old question of What are the two types of costs incurred by the marketing and sales departments?

Organization of the Immune System:

Also on:

• Non specific immune response

• Protects against foreign substances without specific recognition of them. Prevents and attaches police

• Specific immune system

• Recognizes foreign substances and targets them.

• Microbes invade our body because we are an unlimited serve of food

If you want to learn more check out all of the following statements concerning the governor's veto power are true except

Non specific immune system

• Includes barriers to prevent pathogens from getting into out body

• Physical barriers
• Chemical barriers
• Reflexes - sneezing, coughing etc act o spell microbes

Physical barriers

• Skin, ears (openings)

• Made up of multiple layers to add thickness

• Cells produce a thick protein called keratin, which disables the cell's function. More keratin on surface
• Places lining the mouth, throat, nose have membranes too. Called the mucus membrane. Usually very thin
• Secretes substances
• Skin also secretes substances secretes sebum oily substance from sebaceous glands that messes up osmolarity of pathogens

• Tears and saliva have lysosomes which digest everything they encounter
• Defensins are peptides that are secreted by the mucus membrane to breath down unwanted pathogens
• sebum , lysosomes and defensins are all chemical barriers

Macrophages are immune cells in the lungs that engulf pathogens by phagocytosis to destroy them one engulfed, the macrophages travel up respiratory track and go into digestive tract where they are the pathogens will be destroyed by stomach acid

In the respiratory tract, ciliary escalator is the mechanism by which macrophages move temperature sensitive

Immune system same as Lymphatic system

Immune cells grow in bone marrow

Stem cells in the blood called multipotent hematopoietic stem cells differentiate into either myeloid or lymphoid cells

• Myeloid cells give us red blood cells and platelets
• Lymphoid give us many immune cells as well

So bone marrow produces pluripotent hematopoietic cell which can differentiate in myeloid stem cells which can be basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils, mast cells, molecules,  macrophages and dendritic cells

Lymphoid stem cells can be B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes(cytotoxic T cells helper T cells), and natural killer cells

Neutrophils are the most abundant phagocytic cells. They release cytotiches, vasodilators, and chemotaxins

Immune cells can exit the blood vessels in order to get to the tissue where the infection is

Immune cells can also communicate with other immune cells. To call for backup. They do this by releasing chemicals, cytotives, which recruits other cells

Vasodilators are released to make diameter of blood vessel bigger to ensure that immune cells can get to where they need to go

Stemotoxins attract immune cells. Immune cells are then directed to where they need to go

Macrophages / monocytes

• Engulf and digest (phagocytic)
• Activates T cells
• When monocytes enter tissue, they become macrophages
• Exist as monocytes when in the blood

References: