.lst-kix_7w0bmx45xgtd-7 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_7w0bmx45xgtd-8 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_7w0bmx45xgtd-2 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_7w0bmx45xgtd-3 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_trydri3jgyc4-5 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_trydri3jgyc4-5}.lst-kix_7w0bmx45xgtd-4 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_7w0bmx45xgtd-5 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_7w0bmx45xgtd-6 > li:before{content:"- "}ul.lst-kix_w14z0sk50lyp-0{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_dt5a2o3s7vw-2 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_dt5a2o3s7vw-3 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_dt5a2o3s7vw-0 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_dt5a2o3s7vw-1 > li:before{content:"- "}ol.lst-kix_trydri3jgyc4-5.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_trydri3jgyc4-5 0}.lst-kix_trydri3jgyc4-7 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_trydri3jgyc4-7}.lst-kix_trydri3jgyc4-1 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_trydri3jgyc4-1}ul.lst-kix_7w0bmx45xgtd-5{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_rhe5zz8cz3xg-3{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_7w0bmx45xgtd-4{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_rhe5zz8cz3xg-2{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_7w0bmx45xgtd-7{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_rhe5zz8cz3xg-1{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_7w0bmx45xgtd-6{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_rhe5zz8cz3xg-0{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_trydri3jgyc4-6.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_trydri3jgyc4-6 0}ul.lst-kix_rhe5zz8cz3xg-7{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_7w0bmx45xgtd-8{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_rhe5zz8cz3xg-6{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_rhe5zz8cz3xg-5{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_rhe5zz8cz3xg-4{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_w14z0sk50lyp-7{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_w14z0sk50lyp-8{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_w14z0sk50lyp-5{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_w14z0sk50lyp-6{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_w14z0sk50lyp-3{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_w14z0sk50lyp-4{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_w14z0sk50lyp-1{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_w14z0sk50lyp-2{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_dt5a2o3s7vw-7{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_dt5a2o3s7vw-6{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_dt5a2o3s7vw-8{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_dt5a2o3s7vw-3{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_dt5a2o3s7vw-2{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_dt5a2o3s7vw-5{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_dt5a2o3s7vw-4{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_ek3yiewcoelk-0{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_ek3yiewcoelk-1{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_dt5a2o3s7vw-1{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_ek3yiewcoelk-2{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_dt5a2o3s7vw-0{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_ek3yiewcoelk-3{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_rhe5zz8cz3xg-8{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_ek3yiewcoelk-4{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_ek3yiewcoelk-5{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_ek3yiewcoelk-6{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_ek3yiewcoelk-7{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_ek3yiewcoelk-8{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_trydri3jgyc4-0.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_trydri3jgyc4-0 0}.lst-kix_opnre9843agj-7 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_opnre9843agj-3 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_opnre9843agj-5 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_sx9nb4rb2vr-4 > li:before{content:"○ "}.lst-kix_sx9nb4rb2vr-6 > li:before{content:"● "}.lst-kix_ek3yiewcoelk-7 > li:before{content:"○ "}.lst-kix_sx9nb4rb2vr-8 > li:before{content:"■ "}.lst-kix_opnre9843agj-1 > li:before{content:"- "}ul.lst-kix_itadt2w0mojj-0{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_itadt2w0mojj-1{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_itadt2w0mojj-8{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_itadt2w0mojj-6{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_itadt2w0mojj-7{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_itadt2w0mojj-4{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_itadt2w0mojj-5{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_itadt2w0mojj-2{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_itadt2w0mojj-3{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_sx9nb4rb2vr-2 > li:before{content:"■ "}.lst-kix_sx9nb4rb2vr-0 > li:before{content:"● "}.lst-kix_trydri3jgyc4-4 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_trydri3jgyc4-4,lower-latin) ". "}.lst-kix_trydri3jgyc4-6 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_trydri3jgyc4-6,decimal) ". "}ul.lst-kix_yh9oarcg89oh-0{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_yh9oarcg89oh-1{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_yh9oarcg89oh-2{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_yh9oarcg89oh-3{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_yh9oarcg89oh-4{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_yh9oarcg89oh-5{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_yh9oarcg89oh-6{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_dt5a2o3s7vw-6 > li:before{content:"- "}ul.lst-kix_yh9oarcg89oh-7{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_trydri3jgyc4-0 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_trydri3jgyc4-0,decimal) ". "}.lst-kix_trydri3jgyc4-2 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_trydri3jgyc4-2,lower-roman) ". "}.lst-kix_trydri3jgyc4-8 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_trydri3jgyc4-8,lower-roman) ". "}ul.lst-kix_yh9oarcg89oh-8{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_dt5a2o3s7vw-4 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_dt5a2o3s7vw-8 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_w14z0sk50lyp-7 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_rhe5zz8cz3xg-6 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_rhe5zz8cz3xg-4 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_ek3yiewcoelk-5 > li:before{content:"■ "}.lst-kix_w14z0sk50lyp-1 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_w14z0sk50lyp-3 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_7w0bmx45xgtd-0 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_ek3yiewcoelk-3 > li:before{content:"● "}.lst-kix_w14z0sk50lyp-5 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_trydri3jgyc4-0 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_trydri3jgyc4-0}.lst-kix_trydri3jgyc4-6 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_trydri3jgyc4-6}.lst-kix_rhe5zz8cz3xg-8 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_yh9oarcg89oh-0 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_ek3yiewcoelk-1 > li:before{content:"○ "}.lst-kix_yh9oarcg89oh-5 > li:before{content:"- "}ol.lst-kix_trydri3jgyc4-1{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_trydri3jgyc4-2{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_trydri3jgyc4-3{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_trydri3jgyc4-4 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_trydri3jgyc4-4}.lst-kix_itadt2w0mojj-8 > li:before{content:"- "}ol.lst-kix_trydri3jgyc4-4{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_yh9oarcg89oh-3 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_yh9oarcg89oh-7 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_yh9oarcg89oh-2 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_yh9oarcg89oh-6 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_itadt2w0mojj-7 > li:before{content:"- "}ol.lst-kix_trydri3jgyc4-0{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_itadt2w0mojj-4 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_itadt2w0mojj-6 > li:before{content:"- "}ol.lst-kix_trydri3jgyc4-5{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_trydri3jgyc4-6{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_yh9oarcg89oh-4 > li:before{content:"- "}ol.lst-kix_trydri3jgyc4-7{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_itadt2w0mojj-5 > li:before{content:"- "}ol.lst-kix_trydri3jgyc4-8{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_rhe5zz8cz3xg-2 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_rhe5zz8cz3xg-1 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_rhe5zz8cz3xg-3 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_itadt2w0mojj-0 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_itadt2w0mojj-2 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_itadt2w0mojj-3 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_rhe5zz8cz3xg-0 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_yh9oarcg89oh-8 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_itadt2w0mojj-1 > li:before{content:"- "}ol.lst-kix_trydri3jgyc4-8.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_trydri3jgyc4-8 0}.lst-kix_trydri3jgyc4-2 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_trydri3jgyc4-2}.lst-kix_trydri3jgyc4-8 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_trydri3jgyc4-8}ol.lst-kix_trydri3jgyc4-7.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_trydri3jgyc4-7 0}.lst-kix_opnre9843agj-8 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_opnre9843agj-6 > li:before{content:"- "}ol.lst-kix_trydri3jgyc4-4.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_trydri3jgyc4-4 0}.lst-kix_opnre9843agj-4 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_opnre9843agj-0 > li:before{content:"- "}ol.lst-kix_trydri3jgyc4-1.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_trydri3jgyc4-1 0}.lst-kix_sx9nb4rb2vr-5 > li:before{content:"■ "}.lst-kix_opnre9843agj-2 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_sx9nb4rb2vr-7 > li:before{content:"○ "}.lst-kix_ek3yiewcoelk-8 > li:before{content:"■ "}ul.lst-kix_7w0bmx45xgtd-1{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_7w0bmx45xgtd-0{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_7w0bmx45xgtd-3{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_7w0bmx45xgtd-2{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_sx9nb4rb2vr-3 > li:before{content:"● "}.lst-kix_sx9nb4rb2vr-1 > li:before{content:"○ "}.lst-kix_trydri3jgyc4-5 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_trydri3jgyc4-5,lower-roman) ". "}.lst-kix_trydri3jgyc4-3 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_trydri3jgyc4-3,decimal) ". "}.lst-kix_trydri3jgyc4-7 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_trydri3jgyc4-7,lower-latin) ". "}.lst-kix_trydri3jgyc4-1 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_trydri3jgyc4-1,lower-latin) ". "}ol.lst-kix_trydri3jgyc4-2.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_trydri3jgyc4-2 0}.lst-kix_dt5a2o3s7vw-5 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_w14z0sk50lyp-0 > li:before{content:"- "}ul.lst-kix_opnre9843agj-0{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_opnre9843agj-1{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_opnre9843agj-2{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_opnre9843agj-7{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_dt5a2o3s7vw-7 > li:before{content:"- "}ul.lst-kix_opnre9843agj-8{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_opnre9843agj-3{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_opnre9843agj-4{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_sx9nb4rb2vr-7{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_opnre9843agj-5{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_sx9nb4rb2vr-8{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_opnre9843agj-6{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_sx9nb4rb2vr-5{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_sx9nb4rb2vr-6{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_sx9nb4rb2vr-3{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_sx9nb4rb2vr-4{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_sx9nb4rb2vr-1{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_sx9nb4rb2vr-2{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_w14z0sk50lyp-6 > li:before{content:"- "}ul.lst-kix_sx9nb4rb2vr-0{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_rhe5zz8cz3xg-5 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_ek3yiewcoelk-6 > li:before{content:"● "}ol.lst-kix_trydri3jgyc4-3.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_trydri3jgyc4-3 0}.lst-kix_w14z0sk50lyp-8 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_7w0bmx45xgtd-1 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_ek3yiewcoelk-2 > li:before{content:"■ "}.lst-kix_ek3yiewcoelk-4 > li:before{content:"○ "}.lst-kix_w14z0sk50lyp-2 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_ek3yiewcoelk-0 > li:before{content:"● "}.lst-kix_trydri3jgyc4-3 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_trydri3jgyc4-3}.lst-kix_yh9oarcg89oh-1 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_rhe5zz8cz3xg-7 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_w14z0sk50lyp-4 > li:before{content:"- "}

Chapter 1: The Basics of Chemistry

• Mixtures

• Homogenous or Heterogenous

• Physical and Chemical Changes of Matter

• Physical: size, color, Shope, texture, melting point, bp
• Chemical : flammability, corrosiveness, acidity, oxidizing

           * color change can be either, depending on the change, Don't forget about the age old question of Define humanities.

ex:

Physical

Chemical

• Ice melting on street
• Cutting pizza
• Polishing silver bowl

• Burning candle
• Toasting marshmallow
• Polishing silver bowl (depends on way it is done)

If you want to learn more check out What are optimization problems in derivatives?

The Scientific Method

• Make Observations
• Think of Interesting Questions
• Formulate Hypotheses
• Develop Testable Predictions
• Gather Data to Test Predictions

• Predictions - Refine, Alter, Expand or Reject Hypothesis

• Develop General Theories

We also discuss several other topics like Define Pseudoarchaeology.

Measurements

1. Units
2. Unit Conversion
3. Unit prefixes

Don't forget about the age old question of What is the definition of trig identities?

Units of Measurement                                 SI Units

Mass

Pounds (lbs)

Kilogram (kg)

Length

Yard (yd)

Meter (m)

Volume

Gallon (gal)

Liter (L)

Temperature

fahrenheit(oF)

Kelvins (K)

Don't forget about the age old question of What is Fibonacci Sequence?

The Temp Scales

                

A certain solder has a melting point of 244. what is its melting point in?If you want to learn more check out What is meant by Margin of Error?

= 435

Which of the following represents the highest temp.?

        100                200                300K

Density - Si Derived unit for density is

        

        

A piece of platinum metal with density of 21.5 has a volume of 4.49 What is its mass?

        M = D x V         

Substances w/ density water will float

Substances wy density > water will sink

Density; Method of water Displacement -

• The volume of water that an object displaces = the volume of the object.

A 50g object is placed into a graduated cylinder w/ water.

        90.0mL - 65.0mL =25.0 mL

        Density = 50g / 25.0mL = 2g / mL

Scientific Notation

• The number of atoms in 12g of carbon:

• 

• The mass of as single carbon atom in grams:

• 

• 

N = between 1 and 10         n = positive or negative integer

How many nanometers (nm) is 0.0000005m?

        500 nm

                

Uncertainty, accuracy, and precision

        Accuracy - how close a measurement is to the true value

Precision - how close a set of measurements are to each others

Significant Figures

• The minimum # of digits needed to write a given value without loss of accuracy
• The last significant digit  uncertainty
• Report all measurements to Idigit past the last oligit of certainty

2.55 inches  2.6 inches

 

certain

        1.234        (4 sig figs.)                606m (3)

        0.008L (1)                        2.000mg (4)

        0.004020g (4)

0.00034210?        5 sig figs.

300.123940?         9 sig figs.

Significant Figures in Calculations

• # of decimal places in final answer = fewest of decimal places from the combined #s.

        1.34561        -        0.341        =        1.00461        ~        1.005

(5 decimal places)               (3 places)                        (report answer to 3 places)

Addition or Subtraction

• Answer cannot have more digits to the right of decimal point than any of the original #s.

References: