SLHS 1150 Week 1 Notes 1/18/17 Unit One: Intro Topics in Communication Lecture 1: Communication • Communication: The sharing of information between two people. There are two main players in communication: The sender and receiver Model of communication: Sender

-Formulation -Transmission Shared Modality -Speech


-Sign -Writing Receiver

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-Comprehension
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*Both the receiver and sender give feedback* • Modality is the manner or method by which information is transmitted or received Examples: speech, sign language, reading and writing, gestures, pictures/drawings, electronic communication • Linguistic feedback: “I agree” “I don’t understand” • Paralinguistic Feedback: eye contact, facial expression, posture, manipulating linguistic feedback with changes in pitch/loudness/pausing • Feedback is used to prevent a communication breakdown Process of Typical Communication: Formulation: Coordinating a message


(language) Transmission: Conveying a message



(speech) Reception: Recieving a message (hearing)



Comprehension: Making sense of a message



(language) Tools we use to communicate: • Speech: The neuromuscular process by which we turn language into a sound signal that is transmitted through the air (Physical process) • Language: The cognitive process by which we formulate ideas and thoughts • Hearing: The perception of sound (Happens in the brain) *Class Example of Modality: sign language with cats: a way to communicate Sender (woman) -> Modality (sign) -> Receiver (cats) -> Feedback (they communicate back by doing what the woman asks) 1/20/17 Unit One: Intro Topics in Communication Lecture 2: Speech & Language Language: • Language: A socially shared code that uses a conventional system of symbols, including words and sounds, to represent ideas about the world to others. Language Definition Breakdown: • Socially shared: The system is shared by a community • Code: Ideas are translated into symbols. The symbols used in a language are words • Conventional System: It is governed by rules. Rules tell us how we can combine sounds to form a word or combine words to form a proper sentence • Language is a tool for communication, however it also allows the brain to do more such as plan, reason, and hypothesize How Language Works: • Three Domains of Language: • Content: meaning of words • Form: How sounds, words, and sentences are arranged to convey context • Use: How language is used functionally to meet personal and social needs5 Components of Language: Content -> Semantics Form -> Syntax, Morphology, and Phonology Use -> Pragmatics Rules of Language: • Semantics: literal meaning of phrases and sentences • Syntax: organization of phrases and sentences • Morphology: organization of words • Phonology: organization of phonemes within words • Pragmatics: social use of language What is Speech? • Speech: The physical transmission of language through sounds. The neuromuscular process that allows humans to express language as a vocal product. • Involves 3 muscular systems: • Respiration • Phonation • Articulation Building blocks of effective speech • Breathstrem: consistent and even exhalation • Voice: appropriate loudness and pitch • Articulation: precise phoneme production • Fluency: effortless and smooth speech The Difference Between speech and language: • Speech is an act of communicating language with verbal means: words formed by coordination of lips, vocal cords, tongue, and more • Language is a system of communication defined by rules shared between two people • Language is either Receptive, what you receive/understand, or Expressive, how we make out our wants and needs (express the wants/needs). Includes the Rules of Language • Speech (Sounds) Include: Breath, Voice, Articulation, Fluency Process of Typical Communication (updated): Formulation:
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Coordinating a message (language) (Expressive) What Is Hearing? Transmission: Conveying a message
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(speech) Reception: Recieving a message (hearing)
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Comprehension: Making sense of a message
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(language) (Recptive) • Hearing is the perception of sound. In the communication process, this includes the perception of speech Steps involved in sounds processing • Creation of sound by a source • Vibration of air particles • Reception by ear • Comprehension by brain What Is Sound? • Sound is the vibration of particles, usually air, and the perception of changes in air pressure
Physical Property
Perception
Measurement
Frequency
Pitch (Perception of frequency)
Hertz (cycles per second)
Intensity
Loudness
Decibels
What is a communication Difference?

What is a communication disorder?

What does the brain do with sound?

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What does the brain do with sound? The Brain has 4 auditory skills: • Detection (realizing there’s a sound) • Discrimination (discrimination between different sounds • Identification (Determining what you heard) • Comprehension (Assigning a meaning to what you are hearing/ understanding) • Speech Perception: The auditory process of human speech Cognition in Communication • Cognition: The activities of thinking, understanding, learning and remembering • Cognitive-communication skills: • Attention • Memory • Reasoning • Executive Functions • Problem-Solving What is a communication disorder? • A significant difficulty in the ability to formulate, transmit, receive, or comprehend a message, when both the parties share the same language, dialect, and culture What is a communication Difference? • A variation of speech that is shared by a group of individuals within a particular region or culture Communication Disorders: • The fundamental elements of communication: Speech, language, hearing • Needed for functional communication: Cognition (learning, memory, perception) • Related to communication: Swallowing