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History 1320If you want to learn more check out What explains a set or system of myths and the analysis of myth for purpose and function?

“Politics in a Gilded Age” pg 616-634

Gilded Age 1870-1890If you want to learn more check out What scales are used to measure temperature?

Gilded: covered with layer of gold meaning glittery surface covers core of little real value

• Era of deception and corruption caused by corporate dominance of politics

Don't forget about the age old question of What are the four basic resources in economics?

The Corruption of Politics

• During Gilded Age, American saw themselves as an island of political democracy in a world dominated by undemocratic governments
• Power of new corporations were seemingly immune to democractic control
• Example: lawmakers held stock in directorships in lumber companies and railroads that received public aid

Don't forget about the age old question of How does scarcity result in opportunity costs?

Urban Politics (corrupt)

• William M. Tweed’s Corporation  - Tweed Ring

• Plundered New York of millions of dollars, then reached out to the poor with a sort of private welfare. In their eyes, he was “Robin Hood”.

Don't forget about the age old question of How do mass spectrometers work?

National Politics (corrupt)

• Lawmakers were supporting bills aiding companies in which they had invested money or received stock from
• Example: During Grant’s Presidency, credit mobilier, participants signed contracts with themselves at an exorbitant profit. It was protected by distribution of stock t influential politicians.

Don't forget about the age old question of What are the factors that influence gender stereotyping?

Politics of Dead Center

• Republicans controlled industrial North and Midwest and agrarian West
• Members strong with: revivalist churches, Protestant immigrants, and blacks.

• All presidential candidates 1868-1900 had been in Union Army
• 40% of federal budget used on pensions for Union soldiers

• Democrats (after 1877) dominated the South
• Members strong with: Catholic, Irish-Americans

Between 1876 and 1892, both parties were closely divided (less than 1% of vote separating)

Gilded Age democracy was healthy.

• Example, elections closely contested, party loyalty was intenses, 80% voter turnout

Credit Mobilier Scandal

• James G. Blaine was tainted by credit mobilier scandal, but was nicely depicted in Robert G. Ingersoll’s speech for 1876 presidential nomination speech
• Example: as a “plumed knight”.

Government and the Economy

• Government was ill equipped to deal with the problems created by growing economy
• Government was small
• Most things under control of local and state government or private institutions

Both parties had ties with business interests

• Republicans: supported a high tariff to protect American industry pursued a fiscal policy reducing federal spending, repaying national debt, and withdrawing greenbacks

Democrats: opposed high tariff but it’s leadership remained close to bankers/financiers 1879.

• United States returned to gold standard (paper money) could be exchanged for gold

Banks not government in control of money lead to

*Republican policies favored east bankers/industries leaving South and West farmers paying more than what they earned for goods

Reform legislation

• Civil service Act 1883

• (Merit system for federal employees)
• Involved competitive examinations rather than political influence
• First step towards civil service

Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC 1887)

• (Response to outcries against railroad practices)
• Ensured rates to transport goods for farmers/merchants were reasonable
• Problem: lacked power to establish its own rates, so it could only sue companies in court

1890: Sherman Antitrust Act

• Banned all practices that restrained free trade
• Courts used to suppress labor unions
• Yet let to government being able to regulate the economy to promote public good

References: