UAB - BY 124 - BY 124 UNIT 1 STUDY GUIDE - Study Guide

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Schools > University of Alabama at Birmingham > Biology > BY 124 > UAB - BY 124 - BY 124 UNIT 1 STUDY GUIDE - Study Guide

School: University of Alabama at Birmingham

Department: Biology

Course: Intro to Biology 124

Professor: Cusic

Term: Fall 2016

Tags: plants, vascular, nonvascular, Biology, Soil, roots, Stems, leaves, Gynmosperms, angiosperms, Seeds, spores, lifecycle, Trees, flowers, Monocots, Dicots, xylem, phloem, cells, and plantcells

Name: BY 124 UNIT 1 STUDY GUIDE

Description: This study guide covers Chapters 29, 30, 35, 36. Chapters 37 & 39 will also be on the exam. This can be a useful tool for a quick self assessment on most of this unit.

Uploaded: 01/29/2017

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Chapter 29: Plant Diversity I How Plants Colonized Land Tarana Sidhu
BY 124 w/ Dr. Cusic 1) What are the four things land plants and charophytes have in common? Phragmoplast Formation
Flagellated Sperm Structure Sporopollenin
Rings of cellulose making proteins 2) What are the five traits that land plants have and charophytes don’t? Alternation of Generations
Apical Meristems Embryos
Multicellular Gametangia Walled Spores Produced in Sporangia 3) Explain the alternation of generations (and review picture from the textbook!) The life cycle has stages between multicellular sporophytes and gametophytes.  In the beginning, the gametophyte produces haploid gametes.  Two haploid gametes (from a male and female) come together and are fertilized, creating a diploid zygote.  This diploid zygote becomes a multicellular sporophyte.  The mature sporophyte produces haploid spores through meiosis.  These haploid spores become haploid gametophytes and the cycle repeats. 4) What are two traits that land plants have derived? Explain their function. Cuticle waxy covering that prevents excessive water loss from aboveground plant organs
Stomata pores in cells that regulate gas exchange between air and plant. This is where water evaporate from. Also minimizes water loss by closing in hot & dry
conditions 5) List the sequence in which plants evolved as well as how many years ago each event occurred. Origin of the land plant 470 MYA Origin of vascular plants 425 MYA Origin of seeds 305 MYA Origin of flowers 160 MYA 6) What is a vascular system?

Where cells joined into tubes transport water and nutrients throughout the plant body 7) What are vascular plants commonly referred to? Tracheophytes 8) Name the two main divisions of vascular plants Seedless vascular plants vs. seeded vascular plants 9) What are the two phyla under seedless vascular plants (and their common names)? Phylum Lycophyta (lycophytes)
Phylum Monilophyta (monilophytes) 10) What are the two types of seeded vascular plants? Gymnosperms & Angiosperms 11) What are the 4 phyla under Gymnosperms (and their common names)? Phylum Gnetophyta (gnetophytes) Phylum Cycadophyta (cycads)
Phylum Coniferophyta (conifers) Phylum Ginkgophyta (ginkgo) 12) What is the single phylum under Angiosperms (and its common name)? Phylum Anthophyta (flowering plants) 13) What are nonvascular plants commonly referred to? Bryophytes 14) Nonvascular plants have no divided groups, consisting only of 3 phyla. What are
they and what are their common names? Phylum Anthocerophyta (hornworts)
Phylum Hepatophyta (liverworts) Phylum Bryophyta (mosses) 15) Distinguish vascular plants from nonvascular plants. Vascular plants have true stems, roots, and leaves while nonvascular plants don’t.
Vascular plants have diploid sporophytes as their dominant generation. Nonvascular plants have haploid gametophytes as their dominant generation 16) What is the dominant generation of the moss life cycle? Haploid gametophytes because mosses are nonvascular. 17) Explain the process of the moss life cycle. (and review picture from the textbook!)

 Haploid spores are released from the capsule  Spore develops into a haploid protonemata which produces buds  Buds on protonemata divide by mitosis and grow into male and female gametophytes  Antheridia on haploid male gametophyte releases sperm which swims through moisture  Sperm reaches the egg inside the archegonia of the haploid female gametophyte  FERTILIZATION*** inside archegonia  Diploid zygote sporophyte embryo is created  Sporophyte grows inside archegonia attached by its foot as a seta (stalk) and
becomes nutritionally dependent on its haploid gametophyte mother  MEIOSIS*** inside capsule (sporangium) at the head of the sporophyte  Mature capsule releases haploid spores created inside  These spores develop into protonemata.  CYCLE REPEATS Bryophyte sporophyte remains attached to gametophyte
mother for its entire lifespan. 18) What is a peristome? Toothlike structures found on the sporangium capsule at the sporophyte head. It opens under dry conditions and closes under moist conditions.
The spores are released from here slowly to ensure some of them are passed on/survive. 19) What is peat moss? Made of moss remains, found in peatlands These peatlands do not have oxygen, have a low pH and temperature that inhibit decay 20) What are baby liverworts called? Gammae 21) What are nonvascular hornworts more closely related to? Vascular Plants 22) What were the first vascular plants like? Seedless, became taller with support
Include monilophytes and lycophytes 23) Explain the process of the fern life cycle. (and review picture from the textbook!)  Haploid spores are released from sporangia of sporophyte  Spores develop into bisexual gametophytes known as rhizoids

 These rhizoids produce sperm in antheridia and eggs in archegonia at different times  This is done so egg is fertilized by sperm of another gametophyte and to ensure genetic diversity  Sperm is directed by archegonia secretions to its eggs where fertilization occurs  Diploid zygote develops in archegonia and develops into sporophyte  Sporophyte grows out from parent archegonia  Mature sporophyte contains sori spots on the underside of its leaves, which
contain clusters of sporangia  Meiosis occurs in the sporangia of the sori  Haploid spores are released from the sporangia 24) What are the two types of vascular tissue found in vascular plants? Xylem conducts water and minerals
Phloem this tissue arranges cells into tubes, distributing sugars, amino acids, and organic products 25) Name six factors why lignified vascular tissue is important.  Ensure vascular tissue grows tall  Stems are strong enough to support against gravity  Allows high water and nutrient transport  Tall plants outcompete short plants for sunlight  Tall plant spores disperse farther, colonizing new environments more rapidly.  Taller forms favored by natural selection 26) What are sporophylls? Modified leaves that have sporangia 27) What do roots do? They anchor vascular plants to grow taller 28) What is the importance of leaves? They increase plant body surface area and are the primary photosynthethic organ of vascular plants 29) What are the two types of leaves? Microphylls and Megaphylls 30) Where are microphylls found and what is their structure? Found only in lycophytes
They’re small and supported by one strand of unbranched vascular tissue. (ex. ordinary leaf)

Sporangiun on Sporophyll Single Type of Spore created Bisexual Gametophyte (includes male and female gametophyte) Eggs __________________ Sperm Megasporangium on megasoporophyll Mega spore Female Gametophyte Eggs Micro sporangiu m on micro sporophyl Micro spore Male Gametophyte Sperm 31) Where are megaphylls found and what is their structure? Found in most vascular plants They’re larger and more photosynthetic with branching vascular tissue (ex. Maple leaf) 32) Explain the process of Homosporous Spore Production Occurs in most seedless vascular plants (ferns) 33) Explain the process for Heterosporous Spore Production Two types of sporangia create two kinds of spores All seed plants are heterosporous 34) What is a strobilus? Area where spores are made 35) Are club mosses (lycophytes) true mosses? NO 36) In which two major time periods did plants develop vascular systems? Devonian & Carboniferus 37) What happened to the forests in the Carboniferus period? They turned into coal after a major cooling period occurred. Chapter 30: Plant Diversity II – The Evolution of Seed Plants
Tarana Sidhu BY 124 w/ Dr. Cusic

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