Exam 1 Study Guide  

What are the six type of Ableism?

• History of Disabilities  

Positives about almhouses:  

-Place for people with disabilties to live and call home

-Recognized as people of a society  

Negatives about almhouses:

-Quality of care poor  

-People with disabilities were stereotyped  

-Segregated, sometimes mandated by law  

Dorothea Dix

-1845 works to establish separate facilities  for people with mental disabilities and mentThemes found through history  

-seclusion  

-dehumanization

-labeling

-focus on "typical"

-negatively affects  

-exterminate/"fix any differences  

-looked down upon

-humiliated  

-segregation of individuals with differences  

-disability grouped with poverty/criminality

-normal vs. abnormal

-Fear/rejection of unknown and difference  

Types of failure associated with disability

What is Autism Spectrum Disorders?

-assumption of failure because of:  

            aesthetic (physical appearance)

            moral (poverty/criminality)

            economic (not able to support service)  

• Definitions of and Models for Defining Disability  

World  Health Organization  

-disability is an umbrella term, covering impairments , activity limitations, and participat

l illnesses  

ion restrictions

            economic (not able to support service)  

• Definitions of and Models for Defining Disability  

World  Health Organization  

-disability is an umbrella term, covering impairments , activity limitations, and participatThe Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

-person with a disability has  a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits osuch an impairment; or is regarded as having such an impairment  

Who is Dorothea Dix?

Moral Model

-(historical perceptions) punish/blame individuals  and parents, gives negative views on punishment and blame to people with disabilities  We also discuss several other topics like natasha capell

Medical Model  

-diagnoses and treatments  

-looking at people with disabilities and saying "what's wrong with you" -what needs to be fixed

-the individual is the problem  

Social Model

-the environment and society is the problem not the people with disabilities  -how do we change the environments, the barriers

• Six types of Ableism  

1. Failing to provide accessibility beyond wheelchair ramps  Don't forget about the age old question of leurve

2. Using ableist language

3. Able bodied people failing to check their privilege  

4. Assuming people with disabilities have no autonomy

5. Feeling entitled to know how people became disabled  

6. Assuming disability is always visible  

• Overarching Issues  

1.Access  

   -physical access: buildings, outside areas, common or gathering areas, equipment, op2.Communication

   -receptive: is person able to hear what's said?, means other than auditory communica   -expressive: how does person relay message?, environment prepared to receive mess3.Discrimination  

   -people with disabilities welcomed in all settings?, people with disabilities recognized

• Cognitive Disabilities  

Definition  Don't forget about the age old question of elm200

-general term referring to conditions that cause individuals to have difficulty with ment

ion restrictions  

e or more major life activities; has a record of  hat people with disabilities could do, and  

ortunities (education/work)

ion needed?, message understood?  ge?

or their abilities?  

lly performed tasks

• Cognitive Disabilities  

Definition  

-general term referring to conditions that cause individuals to have difficulty with ment

• Intellectual Disabilities  (Mental Retardation) Don't forget about the age old question of mcdb 151 ucsb

Requirement for identification

-present before age 18

-significant limitations in intellectual  functioning (IQ below 70)

-significant limitations in adaptive behavior (conceptual,social,practical) Levels of support (sometimes determined by sitituations)  

1.intermittent: provided as needed; often during life transitions  

2.limited: time limited supports (employment training/transition supports) 3.extensive: regular involvement in at least some environments, not time limited  4.pervasive: daily involvement; long term support  

• Physical and Health Disabilities

Types; general characteristics

-  Physical: low vision, blindness, hearing, deafness, deaf and blind, orthopedic         >blindness can involve issues in social skills, literacy, self-advocacy         >deafness includes sign language as means of communication and cultural identity (       >orthopedic impedes motor abilities including muscles, joints, and/or bones -Health: illnesses or diseases that impede operation of various organs         >strength, vitality, alertness  

       >can be acquired conditions or genetically  transmitted  

       >can reduce strength/energy level

       >alters ability to attend or remain alert  

       >can be chronic, acute, progressive, or nonprogressive  

Cerebral Palsy-types  

-spastic: no walking, stiff, may affect speech learning   We also discuss several other topics like chm 2045 usf

-athetoid: muscle movement, may affect speech learning  

-ataxic: balance, keeping self upright  

-mixed forms of above

• Emotional/Behavioral Disorders  

General description

-have to do with patterns of behavior that negatively effect a person's ability to functioInternalized and Externalized behaviors

-internalized: don’t directly effect others, examples: anxiety, social withdrawals, mood d-externalized: poor social relationships, difficulty coping with behavioral demands, inap

• Autism

lly performed tasks  

ome believe don’t need to be "fixed")

isorders

ropriately express needs and wants

              Internalized and Externalized behaviors

-internalized: don’t directly effect others, examples: anxiety, social withdrawals, mood d-externalized: poor social relationships, difficulty coping with behavioral demands, inapIf you want to learn more check out blaw 210 wsu exam 2

• Autism  

Past beliefs about causes  

-used to be believed result or poor parenting

-Bruno Bettelheim and Bernard Rimland and Temple Grandin

-used to be 5 different diagnoses would mean Autism, now current single diagnosis is ACharacteristics for identification  

-must consider: communication/socialization and behavior (e.g. activities, range of inter-symptoms must be present in early childhood (but may not fully manifest until social d-symptoms together limit and impair every day functioning  

Autism Spectrum Disorders

-persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across contexts AND rinterests, or activities = ASD

-characteristics include:  

    >language affected,  

    >engagement in repetitive movements,  

    >resistance to environmental change or changes in routine,  

    >unusual responses to sensory experiences,  

    >present from birth or early in developmental period,  

    >social interactions impaired  

-Asperger Syndrome (high functioning autism)

Visual Supports-Uses/Types

-boundaries: room arrangement; visual boundaries such as dividers or tape  -schedules: individual; classroom/work

-cues: instructions; graphic organizers; labels

Social Narratives-Uses/Types

-specific types of sentences:  

    >descriptive: present info. ; accurate; objective

        ex: There are many ways to greet someone.  

    >perspective: opinions, feelings, ideas, etc. of others  

        ex: Friends enjoy doing things together.

    >directive:  offers response(s) for situations; positively stated; allow for flexibility          ex: I might like to go to a movie.

isorders

ropriately express needs and wants  

tism

sts, repetitive behavior)  

mands exceed limited capabilities) stricted, repetitive patterns of behavior,