Description
Global Society Exam 1 Study Guide – Pt.1 Topic 1 – Globalization Defined and Explained
Definitions:
1. Sociology
The scientific study of human social life, groups, and societies with emphasis
on modern, industrialized systems
The scientific study of social behavior and human groups
2. Globalization (Definitions – Friedman’s and Robertson’s)
Friedman: The inexorable integration of market, nationstates, and technologies to a degree never witnessed before in a way that is enabling individuals, corporations, and nationstates to reach around the world farther, faster, deeper, and cheaper than ever before ... the spread of freemarket
capitalism to virtually every country in the world
Robertson: The compression of the world and the intensification of consciousness of the world as a whole … concrete global interdependence and
consciousness of the global whole in the 20th century
Don't forget about the age old question of unt psci 2306
3. Globality
The manner in which we have internalized the changes associated with globalization so that those changes are incorporated into our emotions and our
ways of thinking about every day.
4. Reflexivity
Reflection by humans on the consequences of their own and other’s actions
that may result in alterations of their behavior in response to new information 5. Globalization
All the processes by which the peoples of the world are incorporated into a
single society, ‘global society’
6. Deterritorialization
State boundaries are more porous, no longer impeding movements of persons, things, and ideas
Know/Be able to identify, discuss, or explain:
1. Focus of Sociology
a) Sociology
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Global Society Exam 1 Study Guide – Pt.1
∙ Social relationships and their influences on people’s behavior; how
societies develop and change
∙ Study of people in groups
∙ Tools to understand farreaching phenomena
∙ Help us understand why we, as individuals, act, react, and interact with
our culture and society in the ways we do
b) Traditional sociology
∙ Included study of “other” [foreign] societies
∙ Viewed societies as separate entities
∙ Concerned with a society’s internal structures and distinctive historical and cultural traditions Don't forget about the age old question of why do populations grow more slowly as they approach their carrying capacity?
2. The six components of globalization.
1) Increasing Cultural Interactions and Flows
∙ the increase in cultural flows around the world in unprecedented We also discuss several other topics like ato uiuc
quantities and with great speed and intensity
∙ they occur because of the contact among different groups of people ∙ they’ve transformed our experience of cultural meanings and contact ∙ (the consequences are listed in question 3)
2) Changing Concepts of Space and Time
∙ Basically indicates that as shared forces and exchanges structure our
lives, the world is becoming one place and one system.
∙ The compression of the world results in the radical shift in our
understanding of place and time.
∙ Implications of this include: time and distance have dwindled in significance, we accomplish more at greater speeds, territory has lost
its salience
3) Commonality of Problems
∙ We all live in a global risk society. We are increasingly aware of different ways in which people all over the world believe that the
world is constantly under assault from natural disasters, violence, etc. ∙ We are reminded of our common humanity and vulnerability
∙ Implications of this include: our actions affect others far away, global
problems require global solutions
4) Transnational actors and organizations We also discuss several other topics like bis 2b uc davis
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Global Society Exam 1 Study Guide – Pt.1
∙ Transnational is any institution, organization, group, manner of thinking that involves “going beyond national boundaries and
interests.”
∙ The actors are human beings/individuals/institutions involved in
transnational behavior.
∙ International Government Organizations (usually established to solve
global problems) – autonomous, take on a life of their own
∙ International NonGovernmental Organizations – autonomous, often
work with IGOs on issues related to peace, labor organization etc; and ∙ Others include: migrants, international tourists, professionals,
corporate personnel, etc.
3. 5 Consequences of our Transformed Culture and Contact 1) It’s become increasingly possible to take a cultural meaning or concept
and transport them from their original concept to another
e.g. Reggae and Dancehall in Japan
2) It’s become increasingly possible or even necessary to know about other cultures to avoid the possibility of being excluded or tangible to possible
benefits
e.g. Making money from trade
e.g. Work opportunities from being multicultural
3) Electronic mass media and transportation affects all who’s around it e.g. Megaevents like the Olympics and World Cup
e.g. Enhanced by Facebook, Instagram, etc.
4) We’re increasingly conscious that we live in a pluralist, multicultural
world
e.g. Via cuisine, music, religious practices, etc.
5) Western influences dominate
e.g. Especially the U.S.
4. Four major aspects of globality and to what does each refer 1) Thinking of ourselves collectively while identifying with all humanity 2) End of oneway flows and the growth of multicultural awareness 3) Empowerment of selfaware social actors Don't forget about the age old question of tenochtitlan climate
4) Broadening of Identities
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Global Society Exam 1 Study Guide – Pt.1
Applies to the alteration of allegiance to our cultures by comparison with other cultures; judging or deciding how we feel about other cultures in
light of participation in our own
3 possible responses
∙ Selection
∙ Adaptation
∙ Resistance
5. Perspectives on globalization (main ideas):
a. Skeptics
∙ Globalization is essentially about economic interdependence ∙ Globalization is not new
∙ Globalization is reversible (example)
∙ The nationstate remains dominant
b. Hyperglobalizers
∙ Globalization is essentially economic but contemporary economic
links are unprecedent
∙ Globalization is more recent
∙ A single integrated global market
∙ States are economically obsolete
∙ States no longer control their economic fates
c. Transformationalists
∙ Globalization is unprecedented and multidimensional
∙ Globalization is new
∙ In favor of “global governance” through IGOs and NGOs
∙ Global interconnectedness is among people and not states
6. Origins of globalization
Skeptics: late 18th/19th centuries; Industrial Revolution, free trade, European
overseas empires, British hegemony
Hyperglobalizers: Mid20th centuries; Great Depression/WWII, Bretton
Woods Institutions, U.S. hegemony
Transformationalists: Characteristic of 1990s – 2000s; invention of internet
in the 1960s, new information and communication technologies We also discuss several other topics like scott armentrout
Barry Gills and William Thompson: Globalizations have long pedigrees Jan Pieterse: Ancient population movements across and between continents;
longdistance trade; spread of major religions; and spread of knowledge and technology
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Global Society Exam 1 Study Guide – Pt.1
War (Anthony McGrew): From 13th century Chinese armadas, to medieval Crusades, to 19th century New Imperialist wars; WWI, WWII, Cold War
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Global Society Exam 1 Study Guide Pt.2 Topic 2 Global Citizenship
Definitions:
1. Racism
Deterministic belief system advocating unequal treatment of a
population/group because of it possession of physical or other characteristics
socially defined as denoting a particular “race”
2. Xenophobia
Hatred or fear of foreigners or of their politics and culture
3. Patriotism
Devoted love, support, and defense of one’s country
4. Nationalism
Devotion and loyalty to one’s own nation. Excessive patriotism
Know/Be able to describe, discuss, or explain:
1. How does Arcaro describe global citizens?
All humans were born with basic rights, and share one planet, and therefore one fate and one destiny.
2. Boundary work theoretical framework (What does the framework argue?) All humans, whether or not they think they are prejudiced, hold in their heads
schemas that classify people into categories based on age, gender, race and ethnicity.
3. The four hindrances to global citizenship identified by Arcaro. 1. Patriotism
devoted love, support, and defense for one’s country
2. Nationalism
devotion and loyalty to one’s own nation. Excessive patriotism
3. Ethnocentrism
point of view that one’s own way of life is to be preferred to all others 4. Racism
belief system advocating unequal treatment of a population/group because of its prescribed characteristics
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Global Society Exam 1 Study Guide Pt.2
4. Why does Arcaro argue that you can’t really distinguish between/among patriotism, nationalism, ethnocentrism, and racism (must be able to define
each term and explain his rationale)
He states that the meanings overlap because you can’t really completely be one of them without somewhat being the other. For example, one can’t be patriotic without being nationalistic. And one can’t be patriotic and
nationalistic without being ethnocentric, etc.
(the terms were defined in question 3)
5. According to Arcaro, how might patriotism hinder global citizenship? Because many may consider that it is wrong to send aid to other countries that
have suffered from natural disasters. People consider their countries to be worth more than other.
6. Can one be a patriot and a global citizen at the same time? How does Paul
Farmer answer that question?
He believes that the only nation is humanity therefore it isn’t possible because the only nation we should patriotism is the human kind.
7. Organizations in which members function as global citizens Sociologist without borders
Doctors without borders
Reporters without borders
8. How does global citizenship apply to those of us who are in the academy (university?) Why were global learning courses, and foreign study programs
added to university curricula?
It applies to us because those of us fortunate enough to attend university are privileged compared to others around the world, and as the saying goes, “with
great privilege comes great responsibility.”
Because it was said that the American higher education was behind in global awareness compared to other parts of the world, thus those were added to the curricula to help us catch up
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Global Society Exam 1 Study Guide Pt.2
9. What three events led to the rise of consciousness that we live in a global
community? How did they do so?
1) Sputnik – unlikely catalyst for global community
2) Cold War – intensified awareness that we are “one world” 3) Environmentalism – and rise in global consciousness and a global culture
10. Identify and describe the two tensions/contradictions that make the process
of becoming a global citizen difficult.
1) Perceived severity of needs
> there’s many injustices in the world, so therefore human effort is finite. 2) National vs. Global citizenship
11. Know the thought experiment described by Arcaro. What is it used to
illustrate about humans?
It is used to illustrate that we are bound to show kindness to our parents and spouse and children, and to other kinsmen in a lesser degree, and to those who have rendered services to us, and generally to human beings in proportion to their affinity to ourselves.
12. In what ways are Jeffrey Sachs, Bono (from U2), and anthropologist/MD
Paul Farmer, examples of global citizens?
Jeffrey Sachs: helped to develop the Millennium Development Goals Bono: campaign to fight AIDS and extreme poverty
13. U.N. Millennium Development Goals
1) Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
2) Achieve universal primary education
3) Promote gender equality and empower women
4) Reduce child mortality
5) Improve maternal health
6) Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases
7) Ensure environment sustainability
8) Develop a global partnership for development
14. What three steps does Paul Polak suggest we must take in order to be
responsible global citizens?
1) Go where the action is.
2) Talk to the people experiencing the problem and listen to them. 3) Learn everything there is to learn about the specific problem.
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