Genetics                                                                                 Dr. Hom

What is genetics?

The branch of biology devoted to the Study of heredity and variation of traits (characteristics) that are observed as phenotypes (to show).

Basis of traits = genes

gene: fundamental unit of hereditary information; physically encoded by a

locus (region) of DNA

Heredity: DNA, sex, evolution

Vvariation: Statistics (populations)

Phenotypes: behavior

Central Dogma 

the flow of genetic info in biological systems via polymers: DNA, RNA, and protein Don't forget about the age old question of 9781260304176

*start learning + memorizing

- All 20 common amino acids

                structures + properties

- Nucleotides & nucleic acids

structures & properties

* know for exam 2

Sickle Cell Anemia

        glutamate → val

        ions change, dehydrates, microparticles

clogs arteries & veins

chromosome Il gene

*see white sheet for example reading assignment

* problem set #1 will be on top hat... due 9/1

Next class: cell cycle mitosis, meiosis

*problem sets begin today

Chromosomes

If you want to learn more check out What is a proposition which is always true?

Centromere location

Designation

Middle

Between middle and end

Close to end

At the end

Metacentric

Submetacentric

Acrocentric

Telocentric

We also discuss several other topics like What processes are taking place right now that are chemical reactions?

Human genome DNA

* must be compacted 200,000 x

Don't forget about the age old question of What information is provided by managerial accounting goals?

Sugar: Ribose

We also discuss several other topics like What is the study of social collectives?

Nitrogenous Base

        Pyrimidine

Uracil

Thymine

Cytosine

Purine

        Adenine

        Guanine

"Angels and god are pure and mighty"

                                      ⤷Big = two rings

Nucleotide Nomenclature

DNA Double Helix

        A→T (2) hydrogen bonds

        G→C grc has more hydrogen bonds (3)

* the more cag's in a DNA strand= more stable

* Know major and minor grooves & the size

        magor (224)

minor (124)

one complete tum = 34 Å

Sickle cell Anemia

        GAG                →                  GTG

Healthy                          sickDon't forget about the age old question of What were the tools used during the Stone Age?

        Glutamate                          valine

        Dispersed in cytoplasm         clumps in fibers

glycine (gly, G)

DNA Packing

1. Primary structure         Synthesis
2. Secondary                 Folding
3. Tertiary                 Packing
4. Quaternary                 Interaction

Human Prions 

        Prp-C                                PrP-Sc

        prion protein-cellular                 prion protein-scrapie

             (they have altered quaternary structures)

*Next class: cell cycle

Alanine (Ala, A) has a methyl group for R (CH3)

                                                                        pKa = 4.1

                                                                        2 methyl groups

                                                                                Carboxyl

                                                                        Polar → acidic                 ↙repels

(negative charge)

if pH < pKa →  have proton

if pH > pKa → no proton

"pick a proton off above this"

Lecture 3