University of Louisiana at Lafayette - BIOL 203 - Study Guide - Final

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Schools > University of Louisiana at Lafayette > Biology > BIOL 203 > University of Louisiana at Lafayette - BIOL 203 - Study Guide - Final

School: University of Louisiana at Lafayette

Department: Biology

Course: Biological Diversity

Professor: Sophie Plouviez

Term: Fall 2016

Tags: Biology

Name: Bio 203 Final Exam Study Guide

Description: This is a study guide for exam 4 (final) in biological diversity.

Uploaded: 11/05/2017

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Bio 203 Exam 4 Study Guide Phylum Arthropoda:
-bilateral and triploblastic
-body segmented both internally and externally
-Tagmosis: fusion of metameric body plan (process differs in different groups)
-cuticle forms a rigid exoskeleton (composed of chitin)
-jointed appendages (name implies)
-usually a pair of compound eyes (ommatidia)
-coelomate (true body plan)
-open circulatory system called a hemocoel (“blood space”)
-gut complete, well-developed
-well developed nervous system
**functional cilia absent except in sperm in some groups (don’t know why)
-growth by molting (Ecdysis) this leaves them vulnerable for a short period of
time (soft shell crabs)
-dioecious (gonochoristic) -Subphylum Trilobitomorpha
-the trilobites
-extinct: vs extant:
-body made up of a distinct head (cephalon) fused to the posterior portion of
the body (pygidium)
-head bears antennae
-two well-developed eyes
-four pairs of appendages
-mortality plates: -Subphylum Uniramia
-body compose of 3 tagma (tagmata)
-all appendages are multi-articulate and uniramous (one unit)
-head with antennae and mandibles and various numbers of feeding
appendages depending upon group
**mandibles are whole-limb jaws with a single biting surface at the tip
-gas exchange by tracheal system with spiracles (holes on the sides of
organism that allow for respiration)
**malphighian tubules for excretion (“kidneys”)
-compound eyes in most with ocelli
-primarily dioecious -Class Myriapoda

-the centipedes (hundred-leggers) *really fast
-predaceous: active predators
-poison “claws”
-1 leg per somite (segment)
-legs number from 15-174 pairs -Class Myriapoda: Subclass Diplopoda
-millipedes (the thousand-leggers)
-herbivorous scavengers
-two legs per somite/tergite (segment)
-slow moving; warning coloration common (hydrocyanic acid; volatile
compound)
-labrum: covers mouth area -Class Insecta: Hexapoda Insects
-head, thorax, and abdomen (tagmata)
-specialized mouth parts
-open circulatory system
-trachea: area where oxygen is being transported (spiracle is the opening)
-malphighian tubules: osmoregulation/ excretion
-dioecious
-6 legs
-metamorphosis:
Hemimetabous: half metabolists; egg, larvae (nymphs), adult; larval stage
looks like adults
Holometabolous: whole metabolists; eggs, larvae (caterpillar), pupa
(crystalis), adult; larvae don’t look like adults -Insect Orders:
-Lepidoptera: butterflies and moths
-Coleoptera: beetles (largest order)
-Isoptera: termites (Eusocial)
-Odonata: dragonflies
-Orthoptera: grasshoppers, crickets
-Hymnoptera: bees, wasps, ants
-Homoptera: cicadas
-Hemiptera: true bug (stink bugs)
-Diptera: flies
-Mantoda: praying mantis -Subphylum Crustacea
-body composed of a head and thorax that are fused and termed a
cephalothorax
-usually a distinct abdomen is present (tagmata)
-appendages are multiarticulate and jointed as all arthropods (resilin: makes
up the joints that gives them elasticity)

-mandibles or jaws are multiarticulate limbs and are considered gnathobasic
-gas exchange usually by gills (very thin cuticle)
-excretion by nephridia (green gland, crawfish)
-compound eyes in most taxa with ocelli in some or both
-monoecious and dioecious
antennae:
antennules: -Subphylum Chelicerata
-body composed of 2 tagmata called the prosoma and the opisthosoma
(sometimes referred to as the cephalothorax and abdomen)
-the appendages of the prosoma are the chelicerae (jaws) and the pedipalps
(sensory and sometimes reproduction appendage) with four pairs of walking
legs
-antennae absent
-appendages are multiarticulate
-gas exchange by book lungs or trachea
-excretion by coxal glands and or malphighian tubules
-compound eyes, modified eyes, and ocelli (jumping spiders have retina)
-dioecious and gonochoristic
-living fossil: a creature that hasn’t changed its morphology (shape) since the
fossil record (king crabs or horseshoe crabs) -Class Arachnida
-spiders, ticks, mites, scorpions
-prosoma (anterior tagma) with four pairs legs
-opisthosoma (posterior tagma) lacks appendages
-no compound eyes
-terrestrial and a few freshwater species
-dioecious (gonochoristic) -Class Merostomata: Subclass Xiphosura
-horseshoe crabs (king crabs)
-all marine
-common along most tropical to subtropical coastlines
-trilobite larvae
-living fossils Phylum Mollusca:
-bilaterally symmetrical (larva)
-coelomate (eucoelomate)- reduced in some groups
-open circulatory system
-most groups with mantle that secrete calcareous epidermal spicules called
shell plates (shells)
-heart very well-developed with chambers

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