BYU - PHY S 100 - Class Notes - Week 11
View Full MaterialSchool: Brigham Young University
Department: OTHER
Course: Physical Science
Professor: Patricia Ackroyd
Term: Spring 2017
Tags: Spectroscopy, Mixtures, structure of atoms, and Chemistry
Name: Chapter 19, Week 11 Notes
Description: atomic, molecular, and network structures; spectroscopy; pure substances and mixtures
Uploaded: 11/06/2017
This preview shows pages 1 - 2 of a 3 page document.
Sign up
to view the rest of the content

Substances
Classifications of Matter: Pure Substances and Mixtures Pure Substances: Elements and Compounds • A pure substance: chemical matter that has a defined, fixed chemical composition; made up of
repeating building block • Elements: substance made entirely of the same kind of atom (same number of protons in nucleus) • Compounds: matter that contains two or more atoms in a fixed, definite proportion o Ex: Water! Two hydrogen and one oxygen Mixtures: Blends/Composites, Solutions and Alloys • Mixtures: substances physically mixed together (little chemical bonding involved) o We see mixtures in nature more than we see pure substances o If it's a mixture of solids, we call it a blend or a composite ▪ Ex: salt and pepper in a bowl o Solutions: mixtures of pure substances, one of which is a liquid that completely dissolves the
other components o Alloys: a solid solution of metals ▪ Ex: wedding rings--often mostly gold, mixed with silver, copper, and zinc
Structural Organization of Matter *Types of pure substances: atomic matter, molecular matter, and network/extended-bonding
substances* (divided by atomic-level organization)
Atomic Matter • Group 8A of Periodic Table: elements exist as simple atoms (full electron shell--8) • This group exists naturally as atomic matter Molecular Matter • Substances that keep molecules regardless of what state they're in o Ex: Water! (Again) Water is made up of two hydrogen and one oxygen--that's true for water
molecules if it's in a solid, liquid, or gas form Network Matter • Atoms/ions interact strongly with neighboring atoms to form a continuous linked network (not a 1
to 1 atom bonding relationship)

Chemical Bonds • From lowest to highest melting/boiling temperatures: atomic matter, molecular matter, network
matter • Chemical bond: attractive force keeping atoms within a molecule together AND force keeping
atoms together in network solids o Covalent: holds molecules together o Metallic and ionic: hold networks together
Chemical Formulas and Structures • Chemical formula: atomic symbols for elements in a line o Ex: hydrogen peroxide= H 2 O 2 • Diatomic molecules: molecules that have two atoms of the same kind (dihydrogen….) Molecular Structure • Method of showing structure: balls show atoms and sticks show connectivity (what the bond looks
like between atoms) o Can have double and triple bonds between atoms, shown by two or three sticks • Families of Molecules o Carbon atoms make a total of four bonds o Nitrogen atoms make a total of three bonds o Oxygen: 2 bonds o Hydrogen: 1 bond o Hydrocarbon family: molecules made up of carbon and hydrogen atoms only o Organic acids: molecules that have CO 2 H as part of it o Amine group: NH 2 attached to a carbon atom • Geometry of Molecules o Depending on the bonds made, you'll get a different shape per molecule ▪ Ex: carbon makes a pyramid (tetrahedron) shape when it bonds to four other atoms, a
planar shape when bonds with three, and linear shape when bonds to two o Bond formation: atoms share a pair of electrons per bond Extended-bonding Substances • Crystals: a solid with a repeating arrangement of molecules or ions; a large pattern of molecules
bonded in solid state
Examining Structure *Spectroscopy: techniques used to identify elements that make up molecules, examine how they bond
together, and measure the energy of the bonds. *
This is the end of the preview. Please
Sign up
to view the rest of the content
Join more than 18,000+ college students at Brigham Young University who use StudySoup to get ahead
3
Pages
17
Views
13
Unlocks
- Better Grades Guarantee
- 24/7 Homework help
- Notes, Study Guides, Flashcards + More!
Join more than 18,000+ college students at Brigham Young University who use StudySoup to get ahead
School: Brigham Young University
Department: OTHER
Course: Physical Science
Professor: Patricia Ackroyd
Term: Spring 2017
Tags: Spectroscopy, Mixtures, structure of atoms, and Chemistry
Name: Chapter 19, Week 11 Notes
Description: atomic, molecular, and network structures; spectroscopy; pure substances and mixtures
Uploaded: 11/06/2017
3
Pages
17
Views
13
Unlocks
- Better Grades Guarantee
- 24/7 Homework help
- Notes, Study Guides, Flashcards + More!
Recommended Documents
Join StudySoup for FREE
Get Full Access to
BYU - PHY 100 - Class Notes - Week 11
Already have an account?
Login here
Reset your password
I don't want to reset my password
Need help? Contact support
We're here to help
Having trouble accessing your account? Let us help you, contact support at +1(510) 944-1054 or support@studysoup.com
Password Reset Request Sent
An email has been sent to the email address associated to your account.
Follow the link in the email to reset your password.
If you're having trouble finding our email please check your spam folder
Incorrect Password
The password used to log in with this account is incorrect
Forgot password? Reset it here