.lst-kix_bn5c0sea0g1w-3 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_bn5c0sea0g1w-4 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_pjpnu3djr9s5-5 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_pjpnu3djr9s5-5}.lst-kix_bn5c0sea0g1w-1 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_bn5c0sea0g1w-5 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_bn5c0sea0g1w-2 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_bn5c0sea0g1w-8 > li:before{content:"- "}ul.lst-kix_a06fpzuuaeeq-8{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_bn5c0sea0g1w-7 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_bn5c0sea0g1w-6 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_3m3h19nf9xej-6 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_3m3h19nf9xej-6}.lst-kix_puoka85tyak4-0 > li:before{content:"- "}ul.lst-kix_z47q3j581pea-8{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_3m3h19nf9xej-1.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_3m3h19nf9xej-1 0}ol.lst-kix_pjpnu3djr9s5-3.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_pjpnu3djr9s5-3 0}ul.lst-kix_fucft3bfsgug-0{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_fucft3bfsgug-1{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_fucft3bfsgug-4{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_fucft3bfsgug-5{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_fucft3bfsgug-2{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_fucft3bfsgug-3{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_z47q3j581pea-7{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_z47q3j581pea-6{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_z47q3j581pea-5{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_z47q3j581pea-4{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_z47q3j581pea-3{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_z47q3j581pea-2{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_z47q3j581pea-1{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_z47q3j581pea-0{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_1gukvuq5kw2o-7{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_51qpt5s5u1gb-6 > li:before{content:"● "}ul.lst-kix_1gukvuq5kw2o-8{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_1gukvuq5kw2o-5{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_51qpt5s5u1gb-5 > li:before{content:"■ "}.lst-kix_51qpt5s5u1gb-7 > li:before{content:"○ "}.lst-kix_2clyt47jky4d-8 > li:before{content:"■ "}.lst-kix_c3x4rlettr0p-8 > li:before{content:"- "}ul.lst-kix_1gukvuq5kw2o-6{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_1gukvuq5kw2o-3{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_2clyt47jky4d-7 > li:before{content:"○ "}ul.lst-kix_1gukvuq5kw2o-4{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_1gukvuq5kw2o-1{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_1gukvuq5kw2o-2{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_fucft3bfsgug-8{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_1gukvuq5kw2o-0{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_fucft3bfsgug-6{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_51qpt5s5u1gb-3 > li:before{content:"● "}.lst-kix_c3x4rlettr0p-6 > li:before{content:"- "}ul.lst-kix_fucft3bfsgug-7{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_51qpt5s5u1gb-4 > li:before{content:"○ "}.lst-kix_c3x4rlettr0p-7 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_2clyt47jky4d-0 > li:before{content:"● "}.lst-kix_51qpt5s5u1gb-8 > li:before{content:"■ "}ul.lst-kix_a06fpzuuaeeq-0{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_ys2i5e8in08m-1{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_a06fpzuuaeeq-1{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_ys2i5e8in08m-0{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_ti9gm6dpe7zn-5 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_ti9gm6dpe7zn-6 > li:before{content:"- "}ul.lst-kix_a06fpzuuaeeq-2{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_ys2i5e8in08m-3{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_a06fpzuuaeeq-3{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_ys2i5e8in08m-2{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_a06fpzuuaeeq-4{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_ys2i5e8in08m-5{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_a06fpzuuaeeq-5{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_ys2i5e8in08m-4{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_a06fpzuuaeeq-6{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_ys2i5e8in08m-7{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_a06fpzuuaeeq-7{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_ys2i5e8in08m-6{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_ti9gm6dpe7zn-1 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_pjpnu3djr9s5-1 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_pjpnu3djr9s5-1}.lst-kix_ti9gm6dpe7zn-0 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_ti9gm6dpe7zn-7 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_ti9gm6dpe7zn-8 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_2clyt47jky4d-1 > li:before{content:"○ "}ul.lst-kix_fy3bs7hs8vc5-1{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_fy3bs7hs8vc5-0{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_2clyt47jky4d-2 > li:before{content:"■ "}ul.lst-kix_fy3bs7hs8vc5-3{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_fy3bs7hs8vc5-2{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_2clyt47jky4d-3 > li:before{content:"● "}ul.lst-kix_fy3bs7hs8vc5-5{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_fy3bs7hs8vc5-4{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_fy3bs7hs8vc5-7{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_fy3bs7hs8vc5-6{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_2clyt47jky4d-5 > li:before{content:"■ "}ul.lst-kix_ys2i5e8in08m-8{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_fy3bs7hs8vc5-8{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_ti9gm6dpe7zn-2 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_2clyt47jky4d-4 > li:before{content:"○ "}.lst-kix_2clyt47jky4d-6 > li:before{content:"● "}.lst-kix_ti9gm6dpe7zn-3 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_ti9gm6dpe7zn-4 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_9zm2fill3xn6-8 > li:before{content:"■ "}.lst-kix_ic6mzei1mvj5-0 > li:before{content:"● "}.lst-kix_9zm2fill3xn6-6 > li:before{content:"● "}.lst-kix_imvbcxbapr1-5 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_imvbcxbapr1-7 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_imvbcxbapr1-1 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_imvbcxbapr1-3 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_ic6mzei1mvj5-4 > li:before{content:"○ "}ol.lst-kix_pjpnu3djr9s5-5.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_pjpnu3djr9s5-5 0}.lst-kix_ic6mzei1mvj5-2 > li:before{content:"■ "}.lst-kix_abc3bscrruq4-6 > li:before{content:"● "}.lst-kix_nwa0ucppo6q-0 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_nwa0ucppo6q-2 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_1gukvuq5kw2o-1 > li:before{content:"○ "}.lst-kix_o31k62qj7btk-1 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_o31k62qj7btk-5 > li:before{content:"- "}ul.lst-kix_38hb57ome5h3-5{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_abc3bscrruq4-2 > li:before{content:"■ "}ul.lst-kix_38hb57ome5h3-6{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_nwa0ucppo6q-4 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_nwa0ucppo6q-6 > li:before{content:"- "}ul.lst-kix_38hb57ome5h3-3{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_38hb57ome5h3-4{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_38hb57ome5h3-1{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_abc3bscrruq4-4 > li:before{content:"○ "}ul.lst-kix_38hb57ome5h3-2{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_o31k62qj7btk-3 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_ic6mzei1mvj5-6 > li:before{content:"● "}ul.lst-kix_38hb57ome5h3-0{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_9zm2fill3xn6-2 > li:before{content:"■ "}.lst-kix_1gukvuq5kw2o-7 > li:before{content:"○ "}.lst-kix_c3x4rlettr0p-0 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_c3x4rlettr0p-2 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_9zm2fill3xn6-0 > li:before{content:"● "}.lst-kix_9zm2fill3xn6-4 > li:before{content:"○ "}.lst-kix_1gukvuq5kw2o-5 > li:before{content:"■ "}.lst-kix_fy3bs7hs8vc5-3 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_fy3bs7hs8vc5-7 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_ic6mzei1mvj5-8 > li:before{content:"■ "}.lst-kix_51qpt5s5u1gb-2 > li:before{content:"■ "}.lst-kix_1gukvuq5kw2o-3 > li:before{content:"● "}.lst-kix_c3x4rlettr0p-4 > li:before{content:"- "}ol.lst-kix_3m3h19nf9xej-8.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_3m3h19nf9xej-8 0}.lst-kix_51qpt5s5u1gb-0 > li:before{content:"● "}.lst-kix_abc3bscrruq4-8 > li:before{content:"■ "}.lst-kix_o31k62qj7btk-7 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_fy3bs7hs8vc5-5 > li:before{content:"- "}ul.lst-kix_q7amvjtbqluw-4{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_q7amvjtbqluw-5{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_q7amvjtbqluw-6{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_q7amvjtbqluw-7{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_q7amvjtbqluw-0{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_q7amvjtbqluw-1{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_q7amvjtbqluw-2{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_q7amvjtbqluw-3{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_puoka85tyak4-7 > li:before{content:"- "}ul.lst-kix_q7amvjtbqluw-8{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_fy3bs7hs8vc5-1 > li:before{content:"- "}ul.lst-kix_o31k62qj7btk-3{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_puoka85tyak4-5 > li:before{content:"- "}ul.lst-kix_o31k62qj7btk-2{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_nwa0ucppo6q-8 > li:before{content:"- "}ul.lst-kix_o31k62qj7btk-1{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_o31k62qj7btk-0{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_38hb57ome5h3-7{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_38hb57ome5h3-8{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_puoka85tyak4-1 > li:before{content:"- "}ul.lst-kix_o31k62qj7btk-8{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_o31k62qj7btk-7{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_puoka85tyak4-3 > li:before{content:"- "}ul.lst-kix_o31k62qj7btk-6{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_o31k62qj7btk-5{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_o31k62qj7btk-4{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_3m3h19nf9xej-6.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_3m3h19nf9xej-6 0}ol.lst-kix_pjpnu3djr9s5-8.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_pjpnu3djr9s5-8 0}.lst-kix_ys2i5e8in08m-6 > li:before{content:"● "}.lst-kix_ys2i5e8in08m-4 > li:before{content:"○ "}.lst-kix_ys2i5e8in08m-2 > li:before{content:"■ "}ul.lst-kix_puoka85tyak4-0{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_qwye6igq79xg-0{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_3m3h19nf9xej-7 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_3m3h19nf9xej-7}ul.lst-kix_puoka85tyak4-8{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_puoka85tyak4-7{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_puoka85tyak4-6{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_15gqpw8qzpy3-3 > li:before{content:"● "}ul.lst-kix_puoka85tyak4-5{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_puoka85tyak4-4{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_15gqpw8qzpy3-4 > li:before{content:"○ "}ul.lst-kix_puoka85tyak4-3{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_puoka85tyak4-2{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_puoka85tyak4-1{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_c3x4rlettr0p-4{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_c3x4rlettr0p-5{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_c3x4rlettr0p-2{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_c3x4rlettr0p-3{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_c3x4rlettr0p-0{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_ys2i5e8in08m-8 > li:before{content:"■ "}ul.lst-kix_c3x4rlettr0p-1{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_c3x4rlettr0p-8{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_ljdow9lnjcq9-3 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_15gqpw8qzpy3-0 > li:before{content:"● "}ul.lst-kix_c3x4rlettr0p-6{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_c3x4rlettr0p-7{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_ljdow9lnjcq9-4 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_3m3h19nf9xej-0 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_3m3h19nf9xej-0,decimal) ".) "}.lst-kix_3m3h19nf9xej-3 > li:before{content:"(" counter(lst-ctn-kix_3m3h19nf9xej-3,decimal) ") "}.lst-kix_ljdow9lnjcq9-8 > li:before{content:"- "}ol.lst-kix_pjpnu3djr9s5-6.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_pjpnu3djr9s5-6 0}.lst-kix_ljdow9lnjcq9-7 > li:before{content:"- "}ul.lst-kix_j030d1bds6vu-2{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_3m3h19nf9xej-7 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_3m3h19nf9xej-7,lower-latin) ". "}ul.lst-kix_j030d1bds6vu-1{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_15gqpw8qzpy3-7 > li:before{content:"○ "}ul.lst-kix_j030d1bds6vu-4{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_j030d1bds6vu-3{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_3m3h19nf9xej-4 > li:before{content:"(" counter(lst-ctn-kix_3m3h19nf9xej-4,lower-latin) ") "}.lst-kix_3m3h19nf9xej-8 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_3m3h19nf9xej-8,lower-roman) ". "}ul.lst-kix_j030d1bds6vu-0{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_15gqpw8qzpy3-8 > li:before{content:"■ "}ul.lst-kix_j030d1bds6vu-6{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_j030d1bds6vu-5{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_j030d1bds6vu-8{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_j030d1bds6vu-7{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_pjpnu3djr9s5-8 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_pjpnu3djr9s5-8}.lst-kix_abc3bscrruq4-0 > li:before{content:"● "}ol.lst-kix_3m3h19nf9xej-4.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_3m3h19nf9xej-4 0}.lst-kix_9und756aulbp-8 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_a06fpzuuaeeq-2 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_z47q3j581pea-6 > li:before{content:"● "}.lst-kix_z47q3j581pea-3 > li:before{content:"● "}.lst-kix_a06fpzuuaeeq-7 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_9und756aulbp-7 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_9und756aulbp-0 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_a06fpzuuaeeq-6 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_z47q3j581pea-2 > li:before{content:"■ "}ol.lst-kix_3m3h19nf9xej-3.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_3m3h19nf9xej-3 0}.lst-kix_9und756aulbp-4 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_a06fpzuuaeeq-3 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_9und756aulbp-3 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_pjpnu3djr9s5-6 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_pjpnu3djr9s5-6,decimal) ". "}.lst-kix_imvbcxbapr1-8 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_9zm2fill3xn6-7 > li:before{content:"○ "}.lst-kix_3m3h19nf9xej-2 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_3m3h19nf9xej-2}ol.lst-kix_3m3h19nf9xej-2.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_3m3h19nf9xej-2 0}ul.lst-kix_2clyt47jky4d-1{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_2clyt47jky4d-0{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_pjpnu3djr9s5-2.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_pjpnu3djr9s5-2 0}ul.lst-kix_2clyt47jky4d-5{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_swnxkt88zywr-0 > li:before{content:"● "}.lst-kix_1gukvuq5kw2o-8 > li:before{content:"■ "}ul.lst-kix_2clyt47jky4d-4{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_2clyt47jky4d-3{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_2clyt47jky4d-2{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_735zerrmdlgp-3 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_j030d1bds6vu-2 > li:before{content:"■ "}.lst-kix_j030d1bds6vu-6 > li:before{content:"● "}ul.lst-kix_2clyt47jky4d-8{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_2clyt47jky4d-7{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_2clyt47jky4d-6{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_imvbcxbapr1-0 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_imvbcxbapr1-4 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_o31k62qj7btk-0 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_swnxkt88zywr-4 > li:before{content:"○ "}.lst-kix_pjpnu3djr9s5-2 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_pjpnu3djr9s5-2,lower-roman) ".) "}.lst-kix_ic6mzei1mvj5-3 > li:before{content:"● "}.lst-kix_nwa0ucppo6q-1 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_o31k62qj7btk-4 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_1gukvuq5kw2o-0 > li:before{content:"● "}.lst-kix_abc3bscrruq4-7 > li:before{content:"○ "}.lst-kix_nwa0ucppo6q-5 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_abc3bscrruq4-3 > li:before{content:"● "}.lst-kix_ic6mzei1mvj5-7 > li:before{content:"○ "}.lst-kix_9zm2fill3xn6-3 > li:before{content:"● "}.lst-kix_o31k62qj7btk-8 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_1gukvuq5kw2o-4 > li:before{content:"○ "}.lst-kix_735zerrmdlgp-7 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_fy3bs7hs8vc5-6 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_c3x4rlettr0p-3 > li:before{content:"- "}ol.lst-kix_3m3h19nf9xej-0.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_3m3h19nf9xej-0 0}.lst-kix_fucft3bfsgug-4 > li:before{content:"○ "}.lst-kix_fucft3bfsgug-0 > li:before{content:"● "}.lst-kix_fucft3bfsgug-8 > li:before{content:"■ "}.lst-kix_fy3bs7hs8vc5-2 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_pjpnu3djr9s5-3 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_pjpnu3djr9s5-3}ul.lst-kix_bn5c0sea0g1w-8{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_bn5c0sea0g1w-7{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_bn5c0sea0g1w-6{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_bn5c0sea0g1w-5{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_puoka85tyak4-4 > li:before{content:"- "}ul.lst-kix_bn5c0sea0g1w-4{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_bn5c0sea0g1w-3{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_bn5c0sea0g1w-2{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_bn5c0sea0g1w-1{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_bn5c0sea0g1w-0{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_pjpnu3djr9s5-0{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_pjpnu3djr9s5-1{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_pjpnu3djr9s5-0.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_pjpnu3djr9s5-0 0}ol.lst-kix_pjpnu3djr9s5-1.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_pjpnu3djr9s5-1 0}ol.lst-kix_pjpnu3djr9s5-4{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_pjpnu3djr9s5-5{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_pjpnu3djr9s5-2{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_pjpnu3djr9s5-3{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_pjpnu3djr9s5-8{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_pjpnu3djr9s5-6{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_pjpnu3djr9s5-7{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_ljdow9lnjcq9-0 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_q7amvjtbqluw-3 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_ys2i5e8in08m-5 > li:before{content:"■ "}.lst-kix_38hb57ome5h3-5 > li:before{content:"■ "}.lst-kix_puoka85tyak4-8 > li:before{content:"- "}ul.lst-kix_qwye6igq79xg-7{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_qwye6igq79xg-8{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_ys2i5e8in08m-1 > li:before{content:"○ "}ul.lst-kix_qwye6igq79xg-5{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_38hb57ome5h3-1 > li:before{content:"○ "}ul.lst-kix_qwye6igq79xg-6{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_qwye6igq79xg-3{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_qwye6igq79xg-4{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_q7amvjtbqluw-7 > li:before{content:"- "}ul.lst-kix_qwye6igq79xg-1{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_qwye6igq79xg-2{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_hcj4oi718gjj-7 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_hcj4oi718gjj-8 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_xqv5dz1rnnh4-2 > li:before{content:"■ "}.lst-kix_xqv5dz1rnnh4-3 > li:before{content:"● "}.lst-kix_qwye6igq79xg-6 > li:before{content:"● "}.lst-kix_qwye6igq79xg-8 > li:before{content:"■ "}.lst-kix_hcj4oi718gjj-5 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_hcj4oi718gjj-6 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_xqv5dz1rnnh4-1 > li:before{content:"○ "}.lst-kix_xqv5dz1rnnh4-5 > li:before{content:"■ "}.lst-kix_qwye6igq79xg-5 > li:before{content:"■ "}ul.lst-kix_ti9gm6dpe7zn-7{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_xqv5dz1rnnh4-6 > li:before{content:"● "}.lst-kix_hcj4oi718gjj-3 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_hcj4oi718gjj-4 > li:before{content:"- "}ul.lst-kix_ti9gm6dpe7zn-8{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_ti9gm6dpe7zn-3{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_xqv5dz1rnnh4-8 > li:before{content:"■ 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"}ol.lst-kix_3m3h19nf9xej-5.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_3m3h19nf9xej-5 0}ol.lst-kix_3m3h19nf9xej-7{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_xqv5dz1rnnh4-6{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_3m3h19nf9xej-6{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_xqv5dz1rnnh4-7{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_pjpnu3djr9s5-3 > li:before{content:"(" counter(lst-ctn-kix_pjpnu3djr9s5-3,decimal) ") "}ol.lst-kix_3m3h19nf9xej-5{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_xqv5dz1rnnh4-8{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_j030d1bds6vu-1 > li:before{content:"○ "}ol.lst-kix_3m3h19nf9xej-4{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_pjpnu3djr9s5-5 > li:before{content:"(" counter(lst-ctn-kix_pjpnu3djr9s5-5,lower-roman) ") "}ol.lst-kix_3m3h19nf9xej-8{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_38hb57ome5h3-6 > li:before{content:"● "}.lst-kix_swnxkt88zywr-1 > li:before{content:"○ "}.lst-kix_pjpnu3djr9s5-0 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_pjpnu3djr9s5-0}.lst-kix_j030d1bds6vu-3 > li:before{content:"● "}.lst-kix_j030d1bds6vu-5 > li:before{content:"■ "}ol.lst-kix_3m3h19nf9xej-3{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_38hb57ome5h3-8 > li:before{content:"■ "}ol.lst-kix_3m3h19nf9xej-2{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_3m3h19nf9xej-1{list-style-type:none}ol.lst-kix_3m3h19nf9xej-0{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_735zerrmdlgp-2 > li:before{content:"- "}ul.lst-kix_15gqpw8qzpy3-0{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_swnxkt88zywr-5 > li:before{content:"■ "}ul.lst-kix_15gqpw8qzpy3-2{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_15gqpw8qzpy3-1{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_z47q3j581pea-7 > li:before{content:"○ "}.lst-kix_swnxkt88zywr-3 > li:before{content:"● "}.lst-kix_pjpnu3djr9s5-1 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_pjpnu3djr9s5-1,lower-latin) ".) "}.lst-kix_735zerrmdlgp-0 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_3m3h19nf9xej-0 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_3m3h19nf9xej-0}.lst-kix_j030d1bds6vu-7 > li:before{content:"○ "}.lst-kix_735zerrmdlgp-4 > li:before{content:"- "}ul.lst-kix_xqv5dz1rnnh4-0{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_xqv5dz1rnnh4-1{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_xqv5dz1rnnh4-2{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_xqv5dz1rnnh4-3{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_xqv5dz1rnnh4-4{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_xqv5dz1rnnh4-5{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_735zerrmdlgp-6 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_735zerrmdlgp-8 > li:before{content:"- "}ol.lst-kix_pjpnu3djr9s5-7.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_pjpnu3djr9s5-7 0}.lst-kix_fucft3bfsgug-3 > li:before{content:"● "}.lst-kix_fucft3bfsgug-7 > li:before{content:"○ "}ol.lst-kix_3m3h19nf9xej-7.start{counter-reset:lst-ctn-kix_3m3h19nf9xej-7 0}.lst-kix_fucft3bfsgug-1 > li:before{content:"○ "}.lst-kix_3m3h19nf9xej-5 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_3m3h19nf9xej-5}.lst-kix_fucft3bfsgug-5 > li:before{content:"■ "}.lst-kix_q7amvjtbqluw-0 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_38hb57ome5h3-0 > li:before{content:"● "}.lst-kix_q7amvjtbqluw-2 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_ljdow9lnjcq9-1 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_q7amvjtbqluw-4 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_pjpnu3djr9s5-6 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_pjpnu3djr9s5-6}ul.lst-kix_51qpt5s5u1gb-0{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_51qpt5s5u1gb-1{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_q7amvjtbqluw-8 > li:before{content:"- "}ul.lst-kix_51qpt5s5u1gb-2{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_51qpt5s5u1gb-3{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_38hb57ome5h3-4 > li:before{content:"○ "}.lst-kix_q7amvjtbqluw-6 > li:before{content:"- "}ul.lst-kix_51qpt5s5u1gb-8{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_38hb57ome5h3-2 > li:before{content:"■ "}ul.lst-kix_51qpt5s5u1gb-4{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_51qpt5s5u1gb-5{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_51qpt5s5u1gb-6{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_51qpt5s5u1gb-7{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_9und756aulbp-5{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_9und756aulbp-6{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_9und756aulbp-7{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_9und756aulbp-8{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_9und756aulbp-1{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_ys2i5e8in08m-0 > li:before{content:"● "}ul.lst-kix_9und756aulbp-2{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_9und756aulbp-3{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_9und756aulbp-4{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_15gqpw8qzpy3-2 > li:before{content:"■ "}.lst-kix_a06fpzuuaeeq-8 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_ys2i5e8in08m-7 > li:before{content:"○ "}.lst-kix_ljdow9lnjcq9-2 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_15gqpw8qzpy3-1 > li:before{content:"○ "}ul.lst-kix_nwa0ucppo6q-6{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_ljdow9lnjcq9-5 > li:before{content:"- "}ul.lst-kix_nwa0ucppo6q-5{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_nwa0ucppo6q-8{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_ljdow9lnjcq9-6 > li:before{content:"- "}ul.lst-kix_nwa0ucppo6q-7{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_3m3h19nf9xej-2 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_3m3h19nf9xej-2,lower-roman) ".) "}.lst-kix_3m3h19nf9xej-1 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_3m3h19nf9xej-1,lower-latin) ".) "}ul.lst-kix_9zm2fill3xn6-6{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_15gqpw8qzpy3-6 > li:before{content:"● "}.lst-kix_3m3h19nf9xej-6 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_3m3h19nf9xej-6,decimal) ". "}ul.lst-kix_9zm2fill3xn6-5{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_9zm2fill3xn6-4{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_15gqpw8qzpy3-5 > li:before{content:"■ "}ul.lst-kix_9zm2fill3xn6-3{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_9zm2fill3xn6-8{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_9zm2fill3xn6-7{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_nwa0ucppo6q-0{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_9und756aulbp-0{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_nwa0ucppo6q-2{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_9zm2fill3xn6-2{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_nwa0ucppo6q-1{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_3m3h19nf9xej-5 > li:before{content:"(" counter(lst-ctn-kix_3m3h19nf9xej-5,lower-roman) ") "}ul.lst-kix_9zm2fill3xn6-1{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_nwa0ucppo6q-4{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_9zm2fill3xn6-0{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_nwa0ucppo6q-3{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_abc3bscrruq4-1 > li:before{content:"○ "}.lst-kix_a06fpzuuaeeq-0 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_9und756aulbp-6 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_a06fpzuuaeeq-1 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_9und756aulbp-5 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_z47q3j581pea-5 > li:before{content:"■ "}.lst-kix_pjpnu3djr9s5-4 > li{counter-increment:lst-ctn-kix_pjpnu3djr9s5-4}.lst-kix_z47q3j581pea-4 > li:before{content:"○ "}.lst-kix_z47q3j581pea-1 > li:before{content:"○ "}ul.lst-kix_imvbcxbapr1-8{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_a06fpzuuaeeq-5 > li:before{content:"- "}ul.lst-kix_imvbcxbapr1-6{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_9und756aulbp-1 > li:before{content:"- "}ul.lst-kix_imvbcxbapr1-7{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_a06fpzuuaeeq-4 > li:before{content:"- "}ul.lst-kix_imvbcxbapr1-4{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_imvbcxbapr1-5{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_imvbcxbapr1-2{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_9und756aulbp-2 > li:before{content:"- "}ul.lst-kix_imvbcxbapr1-3{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_imvbcxbapr1-0{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_imvbcxbapr1-1{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_z47q3j581pea-0 > li:before{content:"● "}ul.lst-kix_abc3bscrruq4-2{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_abc3bscrruq4-3{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_abc3bscrruq4-4{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_abc3bscrruq4-5{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_abc3bscrruq4-6{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_abc3bscrruq4-7{list-style-type:none}ul.lst-kix_abc3bscrruq4-8{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_j030d1bds6vu-0 > li:before{content:"● "}.lst-kix_9zm2fill3xn6-5 > li:before{content:"■ "}.lst-kix_pjpnu3djr9s5-4 > li:before{content:"(" counter(lst-ctn-kix_pjpnu3djr9s5-4,lower-latin) ") "}ul.lst-kix_abc3bscrruq4-0{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_imvbcxbapr1-6 > li:before{content:"- "}ul.lst-kix_abc3bscrruq4-1{list-style-type:none}.lst-kix_ic6mzei1mvj5-5 > li:before{content:"■ "}.lst-kix_j030d1bds6vu-4 > li:before{content:"○ "}.lst-kix_38hb57ome5h3-7 > li:before{content:"○ "}.lst-kix_735zerrmdlgp-1 > li:before{content:"- "}.lst-kix_swnxkt88zywr-2 > li:before{content:"■ "}.lst-kix_ic6mzei1mvj5-1 > li:before{content:"○ "}.lst-kix_pjpnu3djr9s5-0 > li:before{content:"" counter(lst-ctn-kix_pjpnu3djr9s5-0,decimal) ".) 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Week #2If you want to learn more check out What is meant by beyond reasonable doubt?

Reading due 9/10/2018: Theories of Development, Psychoanalytic, Psychosocial, & Behavioral Theories

• Child development is part of the larger field of developmental science

*GOAL*: describe and identify factors that influence consistencies and changes in people during first two decades of life.Don't forget about the age old question of How does presentism view historical events?

• Development categories

1. Physical
2. Cognitive
3. Emotional and Social

• Periods of Development ( in more detail):

• prenatal: conception to birth (9 month period)
• Infancy and toddlerhood: from birth to 2 years; dramatic changes in the body and brain that help the beginning of motor, perceptual and intellectual abilities; beginnings of language and intimate ties.

        Infancy - 1st year; Toddlerhood - 2nd year

• Early childhood: 2 to 6 years; body grows motor skills better, more self-controlled and self-sufficient; loves pretend; thought and language expand; awareness of morality; ties with peers
• Middle childhood: 6 to 11 years; learn about world; take some adult responsibilities; athletic abilities; games with rules; more logical thought process; academic skills; more understanding of self, morality and friendship
• Adolescence: 11 to 18 years; transition to adulthood; puberty; thought is abstract and idealistic; schooling is aimed toward prep for higher education; autonomy from family; define values and goals
• Emerging adulthood: 18-25 years - moved beyond adolescence but have not fully assumed adult roles

• Theory consists of ...

1. Describe
2. Explain
3. Predict

• Why theories?

• Guide and give meaning to what we see
• Serve as a sound basis for action

• Must have scientific verification

• Continuous vs. discontinuous change
• Stability vs. Plasticity

• Stability:  children with certain characteristics will remain as such later in life
• Plasticity: open to change in response to influential experiences

• Views of childhood throughout history:

• Medieval: children depicted wearing loose, comfortable clothing, playing games, not fully mature, need protection, vulnerable
• Reformation: Children born evil, stiff, uncomfortable clothing, need to be civilized, beatings, self-reliance and self-control

• Philosophies of the Enlightenment:

• John Locke: tabula rasa (child are blank slate)

• Nature - high plasticity

• J.J. Rousseau: not blank slates, but noble savages who have a sense of right and wrong

• Stage and maturation
• discontinuous , nature

• Study of childhood development

• Darwin: Theory of evolution, natural selection and survival of the fittest
• Normative period - G. stanley Hall and Arnold Gesell

• 0development = maturation process (genetic)
• Normative approach, in which behavior is measured in large numbers of people

• Metal Testing: Alfred Binet asked to find students with learning problems

• Conducted an intelligence test

• James Mark Baldwin: Nature and Nature are equal

• Mid- 20th Century Theories

• more scientific studies

• Psychoanalytic Perspective:

• Children move through a series of stages in which they confront conflicts between biological drives and social expectations. Their responses determine ability to learn, socialize, cope with anxiety, etc.
• Freud: psychosexual theory (id, ego, superego)
• Erickson: Psychosocial - ego makes a positive contribution

• Traditional Behaviorism

• Classical conditioning - response and stimuli
• Operant conditioning - frequency of behavior can be increased by following it with reinforces or punishment

• Social learning theory

• Modeling/imitation/observational learning

• Piaget’s Cognitive Developmental Theory:

• Children construct knowledge as they manipulate and explore their world
• Children mentally adapt
• Sensorimotor stage (baby) Birth-2 yrs

Preparation stage (preschooler) 2-7 yrsWe also discuss several other topics like What are the origins of modernity?
Don't forget about the age old question of How to construct a demand curve?
If you want to learn more check out What are the characteristics of disney hotel?
We also discuss several other topics like Why is mass resistant to inertia?

Concrete operational stage (school-age) 7-11 yrs

Formal operational stage (adolescent and adult) 11 yrs

References: