Description
AAS 160 (LEC)
Professor Cindy L Cheng
Class notes + week 1 & 2 readings
Week 3-September 18, 2018
Readings: Ronald Takaki, Raising Cane: The world of Plantation Hawai’i
Haunani-Kay Trask, Settlers of Color and Immigrant Hegemony Found at the bottom of the notes
Establishing the rights of “citizens”
Violence against non-white minorities
o 1849 Rampage on “little Chile”
o One woman killed, several man beaten
Banned Chinese and Mexicans from key digging sites If you want to learn more check out What type of molecules can diffuse through the membrane?
o Worked in more undesirable sites
o Many Chinese opened restaurants, laundries, dry good stores o The concept of If being left out of the major businesses, you are better off starting your own business also these types of businesses were needed, did not need a degree)
o Roles started to change (men had to learn how to cook, clean, wash clothes because they don’t have those services)
o Best to start your own businesse
Native Americans continue to be driven off land by armed miners o 1849-1870 ~ 4,500 N.A. died in violent skirmishes
o More died from diseases
First state law (REALLY IMPORTANT!!!)
o 1850 Foreign Miners Tax
“Foreign” miners required to pay $20/month for license to work gold field If you want to learn more check out Grouped data means what?
Mainly targeted the Mexican miners (even though they weren’t foreign born, they had lost control/power)
Message from California-an exclusion
Some prosperous miners able to afford this
Less prosperous miners had harder time
Immigrants vs Citizens rights are not equal
Declaration of independence/bill of rights did not apply to immigration status
∙ How we differentiate from each other (foreign vs
natives)
∙ We think there is immigrant rights but there isn’t
Spanish speaking population to 15% in 1950 and 4% in 1870 o In 1870 also lost political representation in CA
o Attacked the Mexicans to let the Mexicans know who’s in control, make them lose more power We also discuss several other topics like What is the definition of histology?
1852 Miners Tax (REALLY IMPORANT!!!)
o “Foreign” miners required to pay $3/month for a license to work in gold fields
1853-$4/month
1855-$6 /month
o Explicitly targeted the Chinese
Why it changed from $20 to $3-6 is because only the
wealthy could pay so when it’s lower, more people can pay that money which comes a form of tax
o Became a major revenue source for state and country
governments
o Between 1850-1870 ~$58 million were taken from Chinese through this tax and other taxes Don't forget about the age old question of What is the sociological imagination?
Don't forget about the age old question of What is the meaning of ketivim?
Became a social marker of difference**
Needed this money for transportation, cities, resources like water, etc.
Other issues:
Political representation
Plantations-Feudal Serfdom low wage work grew into capitalism economy
Free/slave state We also discuss several other topics like What are the different faces of social psychology?
Making California “Free” state:
California admitted to Union as a Free state in 1850
Miners not abolitionist
Miners Feared competition and saw Slave owning miners as threats Texan Col. Thomas Jefferson Green
1858, CA attempted to pass law banning immigration of free blacks to state
Women & the West:
“Westward Waiting”
o Managers of the household
Missionaries
Prostitutes
Why did the women not migrate?
o Labor was for mining=male
o Also not safe for women to travel alone
Usually not married if you are a prostitute/missionary BUT it was the only 2 that allowed women to travel
Prostitution was a big thing going on
o Sexual urges
o Loneliness
o Very male dominated
Week 3-September 20, 2018
Chinese Women and the West:
Chinese wives of merchants
Prostitutes
2 groups of women
Chinese Prostitution:
Prostitution & Chinese migrant workers
o Did not always serve Chinese men
o Gender norms in China prostitutes only allowed travel VS marriage
o Social/sexual needs
o Business venture for both Chinese men & women
Who were these woman & why would they come?
o From poor families
o Kidnapped or sold
o Sex workers, Brothel owners, Cheap laborers, wives
o In the day, they cooked, worked @ laundries, minor labor, etc. Gender, Sex, & Chinese Immigration:
Gross gender imbalance, SF in 1850, 4,018 men v 7 women Belief that all Chinese women were prostitutes as dictated by 1870 Census targeted a specific group, Racializing how one group took one characteristic and assumed other to be the same
Stigma of Chinese “immigration”
Racializing and Gendering of Asians:
Feminized & asexual Asian Male
o Women’s work restaurants and laundry
o Single “bachelors” but were really married
o Everything they earned, always sent money back
Hypersexualization Asian Females
o Prostitutes women who are sexually available
o Submissive Natural ability to service needs of men
o Sexual preferences based on gender
Building the Transcontinental Railroad:
1850-California admitted into the Union
o Established political linkage but geographically isolated 1858-stage coaches for mail; 1860 CA pony express
Theodore Judan, engineer, devised plan for transcontinental railroad Received Financial backing from U.S. Gov. and the big four: Charles Cocker, Leland Stanford, Mark Hopkins, Collis P. Huntington
Transcontinental RailRoad:
Construction began on Jan. 8, 1863
Heavily recruited Chinese workers for building of Railroad May 10, 1869 the central pacific and the union pacific met @ promontory point, Utah with the gold spike
Chinese workers as “cheap labor” or “coolie” labor:
Interaction between capitalist demands & U.S. national belonging o How is this interaction shaped by ideas about race, gender, sexuality, and nationality?
Cheap labor started to build
Raising Cane: The world of Plantation Hawaii Key points:
Immigrants were wanted for labor and to develop resources
This increased the diversity
The plantations were similar to a jail/prison like setting treated bad, work long hours with no breaks, bad conditions/environments, lunas and policemen who constantly watched them
Difference on wage based on gender and race
Also resemble military roles
Punishments like making their contract longer
Tried to find ways to make people stay, added bonuses Racial tensions amongst others
Riots, strikes, protests for higher wages, less hours, etc. Turned to drugs and alcohol until the Plantation decided to install entertainment centers and allowed people to practice their religion, holidays, set up temples, etc. Make better housing with lively gardens
Some strikes were successful and even had interethnic movements
They build a sense of community bc of shared experiences Divide and control tactic
Develop a language for everyone to understand each other (Pidgin English)
Settlers of Color and “immigrant” Hegemony Key points:
Hawaiians did not consider themselves from America or Asia. They are native to this land
Different terms like “locals” which refer to the asians and “settlers” which refer to the whites
Only 2 tales are told which is never the Hawaiian side Denied the power to control Hawaii, they promote “power share” but do not allow the Hawaiians to have it
Tried to develop their own form of government however the Asians feel threated by it
Hawaiians feel like they are dealing with similar situations in Palestine
Basically belongs to the Hawaiians because they are native and they have history here
Asians may be facing situations but should not be confusing this as their land
Supports the claim that this isn’t a nation of immigrants
Nothing will amend until they are fully restored with everything they lost
Settlers get to decide with the power share and not the natives
The Japanese would lose power if restored to the natives, they would lose their benefits
The natives claim that the Japanese are supporting them falsely as they do not attempt to help
The natives do not want Hawaii to be open to the public Difference in laws between the indigenous(natives) and immigrants minorities do not have rights