Chapter 1 ... Мостис сhеmuаt, thо дело, солот теса L. colicomlis law - relates attractine force between

What is organic chemistry useful for?

harged particles to the distance between then 3. conic honds- attraction of oppositely charged on

complete transfer of elections 4. Conalent conds sharing of electrons 9. hond length- distance Tutuneen two atoms

fained eup a conalent hond 6. polar monds formed netween atoms uuth nery

What is an atomic orbital?

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different electronegatinues 7. Molecular shapeles determined ery election

repulsion 8. Leurs structures show londing and nonlonding

electrons

formal charge = #electrons -(sticks - dots)

How is a molecular orbital formed?

ocet nule-atoms mant 8 electrons to be stabile 9. resonance farms- different electron distrilutions

of the same deus structure

hylerid - unerage of all resonance forms 10. atomuc arlutalo - estimation of where elections We also discuss several other topics like How is aggressive selling performed?

could be found in space 11. Paule exclusion prunciple- no more than two

electrons per arlutal Huna's rule the two electrons need opposite

spins 12. Auflau principle- electrons are added, one by

one, to atomic orlutas, beginning with those

muth the lowest energy 3. molecular orlutal tuo onerlapping atomic We also discuss several other topics like Why is directly observing electrons impossible?

arlutals

o Monds - electrons shared in plane 'T liondo clictuons shared aliowe plane

- doulell and triple monds 14. constitua/ отели - Фото тегли

formula with different connectinity

Chapter 2 Ti chemical reactions are controlled empikinetic

and thermodynamic qualitus

Gilles free energy (Ago) is related to the caulicum corldtant Go: -Rrenk und to

nenacay and untropy A Go - AH°- TAS° Don't forget about the age old question of What are the three categories of managerial roles according to mintzberg?

Inthalpy energy differences between mond moken and honds farmed

otnemuc - Monds' made > Monds Kroken

endothermic - honds made Monds Inoken h. the rate of a chemical reaction depends on the

starting concentrations, ucunation energy and temperature

this to espressed in the arrhenus equation:

k = Are ElRT 3. if the rate depends on the concentration of Don't forget about the age old question of How do ocean basins form?
Don't forget about the age old question of How does energy change?

one starting material. It is first order. If the rate depends on the concentration of two

starting materials, it is second order 4. Bronsted acids are proton donors. Bronsted bases

are proton acccptors

Ka - measures acid strengen pha= -log ka All acids chane a conyugată lase, all laces have a conjugate acid

0 ilduts acid-election pour acceptar

مم ممعكد : ممم مدل

الملامة

5. When a nucleophils attacks an electrophile, et

donates a lone pan to form a lond

electrophile electron - deficient atom nucliophile- electron-rich atom

Ф. hyoлитолото - то слід сла

unale Monds 'alkaтша - hvолосалони лишел алтан на

follow yormula: Cn Hantz un sp. carton attached to one other us primary, Uttached to two mors es secondary, attached to three mon es terary

all morogens attached to these carcons are

also primary, secondary, and tertiary O. IVP ac rules for naming

A. find and name the longest chain 1. mame all attached groups as aulestituents C. mumer the longest choun, assigning the

lowest numuer possible to each substituent .ufphabeetene the dulisutuents and their allaches

numbers, add the name of the chain 9. alkanes are attracted by london dispersion

. polar molecules hane aipolo-cepolo interaction

salts hane conic interactions 10.conformations- unangement of atoms due to

carlion-carlion hond rotations istaggered confarmers

-aku-the largest groups are 180° apart -gauche- the largest groups are cou apart vedlipsed confarmers transition state for

staggered

forms

Chapter 3 1. liond homolysu-eneney districtes electrons

when a liond enreaks

· AHo: Mond-dissociation energy (Ho)

creates radicals ar free atoms 2. C-H Monds decrease in the order:

methyl > yumary > secondary, tertiary strongest

- Meakest because the vialulity of radicals increases in

the ardeu:

methyl < primary < secondary < tertiary least stalle

most staull this is due to hyperconjugation 3. catalysts speed lip the gululeruum Mietween

reactants and products 4 alkaneel except I reach my a radical chain

mechanism to produce naloalkanes initiation - creation of halogen atom propagation - halogen atom takes it from alkane - scoarer step, endothermic - produces HX and ackys radical propagation 2- alky! radical treaks a halogen molecule to produce a haloalkane and halogenator

·ctermination'- halogen molecule, neured Ivy

reaction, haloalkane, intended product, or

ulkyl radicals form new alkane end of uxn. 5. Hammond postulate - fast Irothermic reactions

hane transition stated similar to the reactant learey transition states); dlow, endathermic

processes haare transition states like the product

(late transition states)

6. AHO canle calculated enti

AH°: LDHPuroken - E'D Ho farmed 7. AHO for radical halogenation no equal to the

sunt of Ho malues of the propagation steps 8. reactivity of C-H bonds follow the order:

medny's <pumary <secondary< tertiary reactivity differences are greatest un trominatdon, the most adlecting