Description
AAS 160 (LEC)
Professor Cindy L. Cheng
Class notes
Week 4-September 25, 2018
A distinction starts immigrant rightscitizen rights
Racialization of Chinese workers as “cheap labor” or “coolie” labor:
Interaction between capitalist demands & U.S. national belonging o Foreigners: non-white immigrants
o Migratory labor force of male-identified workers and female identified sex workers
o Social stigma of “women’s work” & “prostitution” to devalue labor of Chinese male-identified and female-identified
o Slave labor (vs free labor) the Chinese are categorize as slave labor
Not trying to abolish slavery, it served to cripple and
disadvantage competitors
o Does work that no Americans do
How is this interaction shaped by ideas about race, gender, sexuality, and nationality
Gender Division Racial division (women work inside/male outsideRace by cheap labor)
People called themselves coolie laborers because it was hard and agonizing work
Capitalist=profit, industry, growth
After railroads are put out, exclusion starts to begin (all really demanded by capitalists)
Whose livelihood most threatened by the increase # of Chinese Immigrant Workers?
Other poor workers Don't forget about the age old question of Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol and has ten steps split into what phases?
Asian Immigration to Hawaii-Sugar Plantations: Largest racial ethnic group = California & Hawaii
Hawaii-Historical Background:
Islands firs settled by Polynesians or native Hawaiians
Western Conception of Hawaii began Jan. 18, 1778
o When the west finally understands
o British Captain James Cook arrived on shores
o Sought to expand British empire
o Renamed Islands Sandwich Islands
1810 King Kamehameha I united islands; Kingdom of Hawaii under “guidance” of Great Britain
U.S. Encroachment on Hawaiian Islands:
Missionary Activities Don't forget about the age old question of Why do we eat?
1820 First Major Group of missionaries arrived: New England Congregationalist Missionary Group. (Start to have interest in Hawaii)
Land Acquisition:
March 18, 1848 King Kamehameha III passed the Great Mahele, radically transformed land ownership and distribution (Very important!!)
Replaced land tenure system, where King owned land, to private ownership of land
Land divided among King, Chiefs, and Commoners
Land can be purchases
o Shift landownership to westerners
Trading Rights: Don't forget about the age old question of What is a market price?
1875 Reciprocity Treaty
o Allowed duty free importation of Hawaiian grown sugar to the U.S. (no tax)
o U.S. gained Pu’u loa or Pearl Harbor (gained a large commodity) Hawaii begins to grow and farm for money, not just for food now (cash crops/mass produce)
Increase U.S. Investment in sugar plantations
Change demographic landscape of Hawaii
o Radically change and major population (Asian)
Settler Colonialism:
Type of colonial takeover
Control of territory obtained through “immigration” governed by colonializing country
o Became a state because of the increase of importation of Asian Immigrations/Settler Colonization
o Present Today: Tibet
o Strategy: “depopulate” and “de-authorize” previous inhabitants and/or natives
o Asian Settler Colonialism
Week 4-September 27, 2018
Next growth Philippines
U.S. Acquisition of Hawaii: Don't forget about the age old question of Define accounting.
1898 U.S. annexation of Hawaii
1900 became territory of the U.S.
1959 became the 50th state of the U.S.
Constitutional Rights:
1887 Bayonet Constitution
o Limited power of monarchy
o Removed voting rights of Asians (Never really had)
o Established income and property requirements to voting o Over 75% Native population did not qualify to vote
o Well-to-do Europeans, Americans, & Hawaiians held greater control over policy making in Hawaii
While landowners make decisions because they are the only ones left Hawaiian Sugar Planters’ Ass.
Founded in 1895, HSPA was unincorporated, voluntary organization of Sugar Plantation owners
Labor HistoryOrganized Labor unions/owners
Why form this?
o Set wages/policies/regulations
o Keep the duty free (tax free)
Promote mutual benefits of members and development of sugar industry
Control of workers
Recruitment of workers
Heavily push for importation of immigrants
Set up offices in Philippines (Manila, Vigan, Locos Sur) to recruit and provide free passage to Hawaii
Japanese Immigration to Hawaii:
1868 and 1869 First documented case of Japanese Immigration to “Americas" Don't forget about the age old question of It is a loss of ability to recognize faces resulting from brain damage. what is it?
American, Dutch, and German Seaman smuggled several hundreds out of Japan to work in Hawaii, Guam, and CA.
Japan heavily regulated the Japanese to restrict them from going 149 Japanese went to Hawaii
Treated so badly, 1869 Japanese Gov. brought 40 homeforbade immigration
***1885 sanctioned first shipload of Japanese contract laborers to Hawaii (Why is this important to the U.S.? Still demand for cheap labor even though the Chinese exclusion act was in place) Manage through American consul General of Hawaii
Over 29,000 Japanese men and women came to work on sugar plantations on 3-year contract; worked 10-12 hours/day for 26 days/month
Asian Setter Colonialism in Hawaii:
1894 Immigration turned over to private companies
1850-1920 ~300,000 Japanese, Chinese, Koreans, Filipinos, Immigration to Hawaii
Saw more families than CA
o Travel was far, contracts, nature of work
Depletion Native Populations
o Japanese became a large %
1853 went from 0% to 1920 42%
o Why the sudden drastic change? Diseases, shared poverty #’s don’t determine the majority/minority, the determinant and access to power.
Seasons of Rebellion:
Organized Labor
Blood Unionismbased on nationality/race
Interethnic coalitions and unionsforms base on different ethnic groups Don't forget about the age old question of Who proposed the idea of an autocerebroscope through which people could examine the activities of their brains?
Divide and Rule
Employment of as many nationality as possible on each plantation to offset power of any one nationality
Social Justice Framework
What does Equality mean?
Do we want equality?
Chinese Exclusion:
Economic Context for Exclusion
Crisis of 1870
1874 stock market crash in San Francisco; inflated
speculation way above market value of stocks
Bank of CA closed Aug. 1875; terrible “70’s” began
1876 drought hit farmers hard; more headed into SF
Labor Market tightened in 1869, completion of
transcontinental railroad
By the decades and over 30% unemployed CA
Wages for most trades out, up to 50%
Immigration 19th Century
o 1815-1915 Over 30 million Europeans to U.S.
o 1849-1882 about 300,000 Chinese to U.S.
o 1870 Chinese 8.6% of CA population; 42% European
Immigrants