HSTR 101 Study Guide~ Essay based

What dates in time does this major transition happen?

~Bring blue book  

~Two essays (75 points)

~Identification section (25 points)

who what where when why…  

(on test) Tutucumin~ the most unimportant pharaoh of Egypt, tomb  found in early 20th century almost intact,  

Essay questions:

1) ~Transition from the Paleolithic (means old stones) to the Neolithic  Era (New stones) , what dates in time does this major transition  happen? (Why was is possible, types of tools, describe early  settlements, only 2 Civilizations)

~~~~~~~~~ Right around circa 9-10,000 BCE

~~They went from hunting/gatherers (nomadic) to farmers and  ranchers (settling down)

~~Settling down- due to access to water  

What modern countries make up this country today (iraq, turkey, syria, jordan, israel, lebanon, egypt)?

~~Major waterways: Nile (Egypt) Tigris (Northern Iraq)  ~~Needed sedimentation and the flooding for crop  

cultivation  

~~Crops: Wheat, barley, lentils, flax, peas  

~~Early ranch animals in F.C: Sheep, goats, pigs  

~~The last ice age just ended _ Better for crop growth  ~~1 million years ago  

~~~~In the near East, Fertile Crescent. What modern countries  make up this country today (Iraq, Turkey, Syria, Jordan, Israel,  Lebanon, Egypt)  

~Old stones to New stones: transition to polished stone axes, chisels,  sickles, early hoes, blakers, scrapers…  

~~Next Big Age: Bronze Age hits about 3,000 BCE

What is the bronze age?

~Copper/tin mixers, tools and weapons  We also discuss several other topics like Where is the medullary cavity located?

~One civilization after another

~Mesopotamia (means land between two rivers: Yufrate and  Tigris)  

~~Sumerians  

 group of 20-30 people

o Hundreds of people living together in city

states (own political state)

o Walled cities  

 Ur

 URIK

 URIDU  

 UMA

o Inside these walls:

 Polytheistic

 Temples at the top of ZIggerts (look in  If you want to learn more check out What is hydrogenous?

notes)

~~Babylonians: King Hammurabi, 1792-1750 BCE

~Conquered all Samarian city-states  

~Ended up in Babylon  

~Euphrates River is where Babylon is along  

~Babylon: Largest city in the ancient world, 200,000 people! ~~ Polytheistic: An & other Gods

 Clay condos, early writing (etching in stone,  

blocks)

~~Egyptians: Kingdoms: Old, Middle, New

~3,000 BCE

~Pyramids: Old kingdom  

~Pharaohs: New kingdom (Polytheists) Isis, Newbus,  

~Political Structure

- Provincial regional authorities (about 40) called  

Nomarks  

~Ancient Egypt overexpansion, conquest/war occurs  

~1,000 BC Ancient Egyptian civilization has imploded due to the  number of invaders on their boarders  

2) Ancient Greek Civilization  

~Island of Crete (just off Greek islands): 1) Minoans lived there  around 2,800 BCE  

~Minoans were very wealthy: due to great sea frading traders  ~2) Mycenaens conquered Crete in about 1450 BCE

~Height of Mycenaens culture, 1400-1200 BCE

-Writing:  

-Multiple God beliefs (lived in Mount Olympus)  

-Zeus, Athena, Aphrodite, Poseidon

~3) Greek Dark Age: about 1100-750 BCE

-New alphabet: Phanesian alphabet (24 letters)

-750 BCE: Transitioned from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age ~~~New Language  We also discuss several other topics like When were the first female figurines found?

~4) Homeric (archaic) Era, 760 BCE

-Homer lived: Iliad and the Odyssey  

-Polytheists  

-Political Structure: City-states like Athens, Sparta (very  militaristic), Ithaca, Troy (Trojan War 1250 BCE)

~5) Last Period in Greek Civilization: Classical Period, 5th and 4th century BCE  We also discuss several other topics like What is media?

~Growth of philosophy  

~Early democracy  

~Architecture  

~Art protreys the ideal male  

~Voting rights

~~Who ended this civilization: Philip the second of Macedon

**Describe the different phases of different greek cultures  (architecture, political, social, dates, eras, religious descriptions)  

Phrases and Terms:  

1) Neolithic

2) Paleolithic

3) Fertile Crescent 

4) Agricultural Revolution

5) Uruk

6) Ziggurat

7) Jericho

8) The Code of Hammurabi

9) Cuneiform

10 Babylon 

    11 Jerusalem 

 12 Hieroglyphics 

 13 Tutankhamun 

 14 Mycenae 

 15 Athens 

 16 Sparta 

 17 Polis

    18 Pericles 

19 Thucydides 

   20 Epicureanism  21 Stoicism  We also discuss several other topics like What is the hierarchy rule?
Don't forget about the age old question of How many members in congress?

22 Alexander the Great    23 Democracy 

24 Oligarchy