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2/13/2019

ENLIGHTENMENT AND REVOLUTION 

1. DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE SIGNED JULY 4, 1776

a. 15 MONTHS AFTER START OF REVOLUTIONARY WAR

b. ENLIGHTENMENT DOC

2. 3 PARTS

a. PRINCIPLES OF THE NATION

i. IF BREAKING FREE- ESTABLISH WHAT YOU’RE CREATING

ii. NATION

b. REASONS IF DECLARATION

i. GOOD ENLIGHTENMENT DOC

ii. GOOD REASON FOR NATION TO BE FORMED

c. CUT TIES WITH BRITISH EMPIRE

i. DECLARATION ISN'T A PRODUCT OF A FULLY FORMED NATION ii. ISSUED WARNING TO WHICH THEY HAVE BEEN “DEAF”

iii. “WE... SOLEMNLY PUBLISH AND DECLARE THAT THESE UNITED COLONIES ARE AND OF RIGHT OUT TO BE FREE AND

How is rate obtained?

INDEPENDENT STATES”

iv. ABSOLVE ALLEGIANCE TO BRITISH CROWNS

3. REJECTING MONARCHY

a. PARLIAMENT NOT TO BLAME

b. KING GUILTY

i. “THE HISTORY OF THE PRESENT KING OF GREAT BRITAIN IS A HISTORY OF REPEATED INJURIES AND USURPATIONS, ALL

HAVING IN DIRECT OBJECT THE ESTABLISHMENT OF AN

ABSOLUTE TYRANNY OVER THESE STATES.” (D OF I)

4. PRINCIPLES OF THE DECLARATION

a. “WE HOLD THESE TRUTHS TO BE SELF- EVIDENT, THAT ALL MEN ARE CREATED EQUAL”

b. UNALIENABLE RIGHTS: “LIFE, LIBERTY AND THE PURSUIT OF HAPPINESS”-LOCKE

c. SECURITY- “SAFETY AND HAPPINESS

d. REASONS:

i. “LONG TRAIN OF ABUSES” BY KING

ii. DECLARE CHARGES

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1. OVER 26 “ABUSES” LISTED

2. “LET THE FACTS BE SUBMITTED”

3. IMAGE OF KING GEORGE (“AMERICA BURNS”)

4. “ABSOLUTE TYRANNY”

a. JEFFERSON BLAMES KING FOR SLAVERY; PASSAGE

TAKEN OUT

e. DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE- BASED BY JOHN LOCKE’S WRITINGS i. THE SECOND TREATISE

f. AMERICA BEFORE REVOLUTION

i. 13 COLONIES NOT REALLY UNITED

1. GEOGRAPHY

2. COLONIES VS. TERRITORIES We also discuss several other topics like What measures the total income of everyone in the economy?

a. 13 COLONIES

b. SOME REGIONS THAT WERE MARGINALIZED AS

TERRITORIES

ii. “NATION” WAS CHILD, NOT FATHER, OF AMERICAN REVOLUTION 1. “NATION”

a. NEW MODE OF POLITICAL LEGITIMACY

b. MAKES STATES INTO COHERENT UNITS

c. CHALLENGES IMPERIAL MODE

2. NATIONALISM

a. HOW NATIONS ARE MADE We also discuss several other topics like What are the characteristics of magma?

b. NATION-MAKING Don't forget about the age old question of What does the death mask of king tut(tutankhamen) means?

iii. SETTLER’S SHARED:

1. COMMON HERITAGE

2. SHARED IDEAS ABOUT INDIVIDUAL FREEDOM

3. INEFFICIENT IMPERIAL GOVT

4. MATERIAL PROSPERITY

a. FARMERS- CROPS

b. RESOURCES TO PULL ON WHEN WAR STARTS

c. SLAVES WOULD WORK CROPS WHILE FARMERS We also discuss several other topics like What is causing toxicity?

WENT TO WAR

iv. WHY FIGHT?

1. STAMP ACT CONGRESS, OCT 1765 (57-58)

a. 37 DELEGATES FROM 9 STATES MEET IN NY We also discuss several other topics like Why do we breathe?

b. DENY THROUGH PETITION RIGHT IF BRITISH EMPIRE

TO TAX

2. “INTOLERABLE” OR COERCIVE ACTS, 1774

a. CLOSED PORT OF BOSTON- COMMERCE

i. TEA PARTY

b. BOSTON PUT UNDER ROYAL GOVT CONTROL

i. ONLY ENGLISH CITIZENS

c. ROYAL OFFICIALS NOT SUBJECT TO LOCAL JURY

TRIALS

d. QUARTERING OF TROOPS

i. FEED, CLOTHE AND HOUSE BRITISH TROOPS

v. “RIGHTS OF BRITISH AMERICA” (59-68)

1. JULY 1774, JEFFERSON ADDRESSES VIRGINIA DELEGATES 2. COMPLAINT

a. TAXATION

b. LIMITS ON FREE TRADE

c. ARBITRARY POWER

3. “LET NO ACT BE PASSED BY ANY ONE LEGISLATURE WHICH MAY INFRINGE ON THE RIGHTS AND LIBERTIES OF

ANOTHER” (68) - RADICAL ACT

a. JEFFERSON - VERY CLEVER AND CONSERVATIVE

SENTENCE

b. TELLING PARLIAMENT THAT WE ARE EQUALS

c. HOW DO YOU RUN EMPIRE WHEN YOUR SUBJECTS

ARE YOUR EQUALS?

g. CHRONOLOGY

i. FIRST CONTINENTAL CONGRESS:1744

1. STATES SEND REPS, EXCEPT GEORGIA

2. RECONVENES THAT SPRINGS AS “WAR GOVT”

a. CLOSEST THING THAT COLONISTS HAVE

COLLABORATIVE GOVT

3. WAR BEGINS- APRIL 19, 1775

4. PAINE, COMMON SENSE, JAN 1776

a. “NO MORE KINGS!”

5. DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE, JULY 4 1776

ii. STATES RESPOND

1. 14 STATES CREATE CONSTITUTIONS: 1776-1780

a. VERMONT INCLUDED

b. STATES FEDERAL RIGHTS

2. WHY?

a. NEED TO DEAL W/THE WAR EFFECTIVELY WITHIN

THEIR BORDERS

b. DEFINE REP GOVT

i. CONSTITUTION STATING REPRESENTATIVES

ii. RADICAL AND CONSERVATIVE VISIONISTS

iii. SOME GAVE MORE RIGHTS TO WOMEN

iv. SOVEREIGNTY ON PPL NOT ON GOVT

3. RACIAL VS. CONSERVATIVE VISIONS

a. HOW MUCH POWER SHOULD “THE PPL” HACE?

iii. COURSE OF WAR

1. STARTS IN NEW ENGLAND

a. BATTLES OF LEXINGTON AND CONCORD, MA APRIL

1775

2. TURNING POINT: SARATOGA 1777

a. FRENCH HAD AGREED TO HELP AMERICAN

COLONIES

b. SECURES AMERICA/ EUROPEANS ALLIANCES

3. MOVES SOUTH AFTER 1779

4. ENDS: BATTLE OF YORKTOWN, VA, 1781

5. WAR ENDS, SEPT 3, 1783

h. CHALLENGES:

i. KEEPING ARMY IN LINE

1. KEEPING FARMERS IN WAR

2. AMMUNITION, FOOD, UNIFORMS

ii. LOYALISTS

1. AMERICANS WHO STILL ARE FAITHFUL TO ROYAL CROWN 2. ARE YOU IN SIDE OF BRITISH OR ON THE SIDE OF REBELS? iii. DIVISIONS OVER SLAVERY

1. PLANTERS IN SOUTH WANT TO KEEP IT

2. BRITISH START TO RECRUIT SAVES TO FIGHT

i. ADVANTAGES

i. BRITISH HAD WEAK COMMANDERS

ii. HELP OF FRANCE AND SPAIN

1. LENT MONEY TO BUY MUNITIONS

2. SUPPLIED SOLDIERS

a. MERCENARIES

iii. STATES ORGANIZED

1. CONSTITUTIONS

j. GEORGE WASHINGTON’S ARMY

i. TOOK COMMAND IN JULY 1775

ii. “VICTORY OF DEATH” 1776

1. DEC. 25: VICTORY OF DELAWARE

2. PSYCHOLOGICAL VICTORY

3. CHRISTMAS DAY

a. CAPTURES 1000 SOLDIERS

b. SOLDIERS DIDN’T WANT TO FIGHT

c. STRATEGY TO PROVE AMERICAN ARMY COULD DO

IT

iii. CONVINCED ARMY TO KEEP FIGHTING

iv. OVER 25,000 SOLDIERS DIED

1. 68,000 SOLDIERS IN BATTLE

2. 10,000 SOLDIERS IN CAMPS

3. 85,000 SOLDIERS AS PRISONERS

k. THE SOUTH

i. MAIN THEATER IF WAR AFTER 1779

ii. MANY LOYAL TO BRITISH CROWN

iii. SLAVERY

1. BRITISH OFFER FREEDOM TO SLAVES WHO FIGHT

2. “LIBERTY TO SLAVES”

l. END OF WAR

i. 1781- CORNWALLIS SURRENDERS TO WASHINGTON AT YORKTOWN

ii. 1783: WAR OFFICIALLY ENDS

iii. PEACE OF PARIS, SEPT 3 1783

1. SECURES INDEPENDENCE

a. CREATING NATION AS A POLITICAL UNIT

2. SETS BOUNDARIES

a. AN AGREEMENT ON WHERE A SONOLY BEGINS AND

WHERE IT ENDS

m. GOVERNMENT

i. 10 STATE CONT. COMPLETED BY 1776, ALL BY 1780

1. ALL HAD BILL OF RIGHTS

2. WEAK GOVERNORS

3. PROPERTY QUALIFICATIONS FOR VOTING

a. MUST OWN PROPERTY TO VOTE

b. WOMEN WANT RIGHTS

i. TO VOTE

4. COME BEFORE THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION

ii. DIVIDED ON SLAVERY

1. 1777- JEFFERSON FAILS TO STOP IMPORTATION OF

SLAVES (105)

2. SLAVE TRADE- NOT ABOLISHED BY BRITAIN UNTIL 1812 3. SLAVERY MAIN FOUNDING DOCUMENT

iii. CHALLENGES

1. HOSTILITY TO CENTRAL GOVT

a. SOVEREIGNTY- “SUPREME, INDEPENDENT

POLITICAL AUTHORITY”

b. WHAT INSTITUTION WILL REPRESENT THE PPL?

i. BATTLE OF INSTITUTIONS

1. FEDERAL GOVT

2. GOVERNOR

ii. EX: NUCLEAR MATERIAL IN NEVADA

2. INSTABILITY

a. INTERNAL DIVISION

b. INFLATED MONEY

iv. CONFEDERATION VD. NATION

1. CONFEDERATION:

a. LEAGUE OF ALLIANCE BETWEEN TWO OR MORE

STATES IN SUPPORT OF SOME COMMON ACT OR

ENTERPRISE

b. PRETTY LOOSE

c. AN ALLIANCE

d. ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION

i. FINISHED IN 1777, RATIFIED IN 1781

ii. CHARACTERISTICS

1. UNICAMERAL CONGRESS

a. ONE HOUSE, NO EXECUTIVE

2. CONGRESSMEN CHOSEN BY STATES

a. NOT BY POPULAR VOTES

3. MAJORITY DECISION: EACH STATE

GETS ONE VOTE

4. CHANGES IN ARTICLES HAD TO BE

UNANIMOUS

2. NATION:

a. PEOPLE IN A TERRITORY UNITED UNDER A SINGLE GOVT

b. A UNIFIED TERRITORY UNDER ONE GOVT

3. ARTICLES

a. DID IT HAVE ANY POWER?

i. NOT REALLY

b. ARTICLE 2

i. “EACH STATE RETAINS ITS SOVEREIGNTY,

FREEDOM AND INDEPENDENCE, AND EVERY

POWER, JURISDICTION AND RIGHT…

4. POST-REV CRISIS

a. STATES TOO STRONG/ INDEPENDENT

i. PROTECTIVE TARIFFS

ii. STOPPED THE MOVEMENT OF TRADE

b. WEAK CONGRESS

i. IMPEDES FOREIGN POLICY

ii. DECISION OF WEAK CONGRESS

iii. AFFECTS SECURITY

c. QUESTION OF ANARCHY

i. SHAY’S REBELLION, 1786

1. FARMER IN WESTERN

MASSACHUSETTS CANNOT PAY HIS

TAXES

2. HE SHUT DOWN THE COURTHOUSE

v. SOLUTIONS

1. STRONGER NATIONAL GOVERNMENT

2. CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION, MAY 1787

a. ALL STATES SEND DELEGATED EXCEPT RHODE

ISLAND

i. “WE’RE SMALL, WE HAVE NOTHING TO GAIN IN THIS”

ii. FALL BACK ON AN OLD ENGLISH WAY OF DOING BUSINESS

iii. ENLIGHTENMENT DOC PROCESS AT WORK b. PURPOSE: OVERHAUL ARTICLES OF

CONFEDERATION