Biology 1620 Final Study Guide

Which observations led darwin and wallace to natural selection theory?

Since the final exam is a culmination of past exams, this study guide will  contain the ideas presented in the three exams we have taken this semester  in the form of my own practice exam. These are my own interpretation of the questions on the exams. Remember that the actual final will NOT be multiple choice. For more specific information, refer to your own exams.

Exam One Material

1. What are the consequences of the island effect? (Circle all that apply) a. Large species get smaller

b. Bugs start to smell different

c. Small species get larger

d. Vestigial winged organisms emerge

2. Circle the two observations that led Darwin and Wallace to natural  

selection.

a. Mutations

Are most mutations passed on to the next generations?

b. Overproduction

c. Variability

d. Competition

3. Who showed that extinctions occur on Earth?

a. Darwin

b. Wallace

c. Cuvier

d. Lamarck

4. ___________ is a change that is not immediately noticeable. It usually  

affects allele frequency.

a. Subtle evolutionary change

b. Micro evolutionary change

c. Macro evolutionary change

d. Competitive evolutionary change

5. Most mutations are passed on to future generations.

a. True

b. False

6. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics and mosquito resistance to DDT are  

What is an example of vestigial organs?

modern examples of micro evolutionary change.

a. True

b. False

7. Where do sugar gliders and flying squirrels live?

8. What phrase explains why sugar gliders and flying squirrels look alike? 9. What is a vestigial organ? Give an example. Don't forget about the age old question of What is the purpose of tag questions?

10. Where did Darwin collect his finches?

11. What country is close to where Darwin collected his finches? a. Ecuador Don't forget about the age old question of Who is martin seligman?

b. Chile

c. Brazil

d. Argentina

12. Why is it necessary to have different kinds of antibacterial  

medications?

13. What did Alexander Fleming discover? Don't forget about the age old question of What are the signs of strong acids?

14. Homologous structures share an evolutionary history and do not  

have to look the same.

a. True

b. False

15. What was the first antibiotic that was discovered? 16. What antibiotic started to become less effective in the 1990’s? 17. What was discovered about Darwin’s finches once they were  

studied in a museum?

18. Which crops have been derived from wild mustard? (Circle all  

that apply)

a. Kale

b. Broccoli

c. Brussels sprouts

d. Cabbage

e. Lettuce

19. What is the process where humans breed plants and animals to  

enhance specific traits?

20. Which are examples of homologies? (Circle all that apply) a. Sequence

b. Behavioral

c. Anatomy

d. Ontogeny

e. Coloration

21. Which are examples of adaptation? (Circle all that apply)

a. Mimicry

b. Coloration If you want to learn more check out When does a destabilizing realignment occur?

c. Migration

d. Anatomy

e. Structural

f. Behavioral

22. What are Endler’s guppies and pike an example of?

Exam One Answer Key:

1. A, C, D Don't forget about the age old question of Who created carbolic acid?

2. B, C

3. C

4. B

5. B

6. A

7. Flying squirrels live in North America in treetops. Sugar gliders live in  

Australia in treetops.

8. Convergent evolution

9. A vestigial organ is a remnant of an organism’s evolutionary past that  

they no longer use. An example would be the hip bone in a whale. 10. The Galapagos Islands

11. A

12. It is necessary to have different kinds of antibacterial  medications because bacteria are resistant to antibiotics, and can be  

become so resistant that the antibiotic is no longer effective. 13. Antibiotics

14. A

15. Penicillin

16. Methicillin

17. The finches were actually different species. Their different beaks  

were the main clue that led to this deduction.

18. A, B, C, D

19. Artificial selection

20. A, C, D

21. A, B, C, E, F

22. Evolutionary give-and-take

Exam Two Material

1. Natural selection can work on genotypes. (Be able to explain why) a. True We also discuss several other topics like What are the detriments of clinical anger

b. False

2. Which time period does the Paleozoic era encompass?

a. 550-600 mya

b. 250 mya

c. 60-65 mya

3. Which time period does the Cenozoic era encompass?

a. 550-600 mya

b. 250 mya

c. 60-65 mya

4. Which time period does the Mesozoic era encompass?

a. 550-600 mya

b. 250 mya

c. 60-65 mya

5. Industrial melanism is a homologous evolutionary development to skin  

melanism. (Be able to explain why)

a. True

b. False

6. What is dendrochronology?

7. Why did the genetic diversity of Prairie Chickens in Illinois decrease  

between 1820 and 1993?

8. Which geologic era was dominated by dinosaurs?

a. Paleozoic

b. Mesozoic

c. Cenozoic

9. What did the continents look like when dinosaurs roamed the earth? 10. What did leeks evolve from?

11. What idea did Alfred Wegener propose?

12. What is Neil Shubin credited with discovering and why is it  

important in regards to evolution?

13. What is the name of the mosquito that transmits malaria? a. Iridium

b. Nematoda

c. Anopheles

d. Cnidaria

14. ____________ is the name of the hybrid interaction where, after  

being isolated, come together and cannot interbreed.

a. Reinforcement

b. Reproductive isolation

c. Extinction

d. Coelom

15. What thing(s) are the Alvarez’s credited with discovering an  

association between? (Circle all that apply)

a. Iridium

b. Reproductive isolation

c. Mass extinctions

d. Meteorites

16. Gene flow increases genetic diversity on a receiving population. a. True

b. False

17. Which kind of barrier is temporal isolation?

a. Prezygotic barrier

b. Postzygotic barrier

18. What kind of barrier is reduced hybrid fertility? a. Prezygotic barrier

b. Postzygotic barrier

19. What did Stanley Miller discover?

20. What is it called when one gene can have several effects? a. Pleiotropy

b. Polygenetic inheritance

21. What is it called when many genes affect a single trait? a. Pleiotropy

b. Polygenetic inheritance

22. Which are kinds of selection?

a. Directional

b. Disruptive

c. Stabilizing

d. All of the above

23. What do the letters in the Hardy Weinberg equation mean?

Exam Two Answer Key

1. B

2. A

3. C

4. B

5. B

6. Dendrochronology is counting the rings on trees to see how old it is. 7. Human agriculture took over their habitat, exposing them to the  

bottleneck effect and wiping out genetic diversity.

8. B

9. Pangaea

10. Onions

11. Continental drift

12. Tiktaalik. It’s significant because it’s an aquatic creature that  

began to move onto land.

13. C

14. A

15. A, C, D

16. A

17. A

18. B

19. Molecules of early earth

20. A

21. B

22. D

23. Proportions. The p represents the dominant allele, and the q  represents the recessive allele.

Exam Three Material

1. Echinodermata are deuterostomes.

a. True

b. False

2. Which organism is radially symmetrical?

a. Cnidaria

b. Coniferophyte

c. Nematodes

d. Arthropods

3. An bacterium moving away from a chemical represents what kind of  

motility?

a. Positive chemotaxis

b. Negative chemotaxis

c. Positive chemotropism

d. Negative chemotropism

4. Gymnosperms produce flowers and fruits.

a. True

b. False

5. Angiosperms produce flowers and fruits.

a. True

b. False

6. Which body part does NOT help humans run?

a. Achilles tendon

b. Large behind muscles

c. Obliquus oculi superior

d. Standing on two legs

7. Which is NOT a worm phyla?

a. Annelida

b. Porifera

c. Platyhelminthes

d. Nematoda

8. Which evolutionary group leaves out some organisms? a. Monophyletic group

b. Polyphyletic group

c. Paraphyletic group

9. What is an extremophile? Give an example.

10. What is alteration of generations?

11. What is a common bacterium used for bioterrorism? 12. What are three plants and medicines that are derived from those  

plants?

13. Parsimony is a principle that says you should choose the most  

complicated evolutionary path and the most probable one. a. True

b. False

14. Which process describes how plants are able to clean pollution  

from ecosystems?

a. Parsimony

b. Eukaryotes

c. Tracheophytes

d. Bioremediation

15. A fruit can only be a _____________.

16. What are the three domains of life?

17. Which domain of life has circular chromosomes? (Circle all that  

apply)

a. Eukaryotes

b. Archaea

c. Bacteria

18. Which domain of life does NOT have peptidoglycan? (Circle all  

that apply)

a. Eukaryotes

b. Archaea

c. Bacteria

19. Which organisms is involved in the cycle of Lyme disease? a. Ticks

b. Spirochetes

c. Deer

d. Mice

e. Humans

20. Grasses have flowers.

a. True

b. False

Exam Three Answer Key

1. A

2. A

3. B

4. B

5. A

6. C

7. B

8. C

9. An extremophile is an organism that can survive in extreme conditions.

For example, some bacteria can survive in very acidic environments. 10. Alteration of generations is a biological strategy that includes  

multi-cellular haploid tissues.

11. Anthrax

12. Eucalyptus trees, menthol. Foxglove, digitalis. Belladonna,  

atropine.

13. B

14. D

15. Ripened ovary

16. Eukaryotes, Archaea, Bacteria.

17. B, C

18. A, B

19. A, B, C, D, E

20. A