Circular muscles surrounding, and able to close, a body opening.
Circular muscles surrounding, and able to close, a body opening.
Description
School: University of Alabama - Tuscaloosa
Department: Nutrition and Food Sciences
Course: Nutrition 101-001 Intro Human Nutrition
Professor: Lori greene
Term: Spring 2015
Tags: nutrition
Cost: 50
Name: Nutrition Exam 1 Study Guide
Description: Covers material gone over in class and also textbook definitions.
Uploaded: 02/03/2020
Reviews
Exam 1 Study Guide
Circular muscles surrounding, and able to close, a body opening.
Macronutrient:
Energyyielding nutrients. Includes carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids Micronutrients:
Vitamins & minerals do not provide energy. Vitamins organic minerals inorganic
Essential nutrients:
must be obtained from food
Nonessential nutrients:
can be synthesized by the body
Energy from food:
Carbohydrates= 4 kcal/gm
Proteins= 4 kcal/gm
Lipids= 9 kcal/gm
Sphincters:
Circular muscles surrounding, and able to close, a body opening Nutrients:
chemical substances obtained from food
Digestion:
the process by which food is broken down
AMDR:
Carbs 4565%, Fats2035%, Protein 1035%
Peristalsis:
Wavelike muscular contractions of the GI tract that push the contents Nutrition:
What are the factors that influence food choices?
The science of nutrients in foods and their actions within the body Diet:
the food and beverages a person eats
4 Factors that influence food choices:
Habits, Income, Social Interaction, Convenience
6 classes of nutrients:
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Vitamins, Minerals, Water
Tolerable upper Intake (UL):
The highest level of daily nutrient intake that is unlikely to have adverse health effects
6 meal planning principles:
Adequacy, Balance, kcal Control, Moderation, Variety, Nutrition Density Food groups:
Protein, Dairy, Grains, Vegetables, Fruits
Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA):
the amount of nutrient needed to meet the requirements of almost all healthy individuals
Structurefunction claims:
"promotes heart health" Don't forget about the age old question of Hellenism refers to what?
Health Claim:
Bacteria found in foods and supplements that are beneficial for health.
"Prevents osteoporosis"
Nutrient claim:
"excellent source of fiber"
Probiotics:
bacteria found in foods and supplements that are beneficial for health Prebiotics:
food for probiotics
Salivary glands:
Saliva, Breaks down carbohydrates
Stomach:
Gastric Juice (HCl), Breaks down proteins
Small Intestine:
Intestinal Juice, Secrete digestive enzymes, break down all 3 macronutrients
Pancreas:
Pancreatic juice/lipase enters the duodenum and breaks down all macronutrients
Gallbladder:
Bile, Breaks down fat
Simple Diffusion:
Nutrients go from high concentration to low concentration
Facilitated Diffusion:
Carrier loads a protein outside of the cell and releases it inside the cell Active transport:
Using energy to get nutrient into the cell
Starch:
the storage of energy in plants
Glycogen:
the storage form of energy in the body
Lipids:
contain a middle chain of carbons and oxygens with a methyl group on one end and an acid group on the other We also discuss several other topics like what is abnormal behavior?
If you want to learn more check out o how do the Asch experiments demonstrate conformity?
Adequate INtake (AI):
a nutrient recommendation based on observed or experimentally determined approximations
Estimated Average Requirement:
the average requirement of nutrient for healthy individuals and is only used to assess nutrient adequacy of populations
Soluble fiber:
fermented in the large intestine
Normal blood glucose:
7099 mg/dL
Daily fiber recommendations:
25 g/day and 35 g/day
3 main structural differences of fatty acids:
length of chain, saturation, location of a double bond
Denaturation:
The loss of shape of proteins due to heat
Pancreatic lipase and Intestinal lipase:
help most fat digestion in the small intestine
RDA for protein in adults:
0.8 g/kg of body weight
Peptide bonds:
link amino acids
Degree of unsaturation:
determines the firmness of a fat or oil
Sugar:
no more than 25% of daily kcals
level of saturation:
relates to the number of double bonds
Micelle:
The aspherical complex formed by monoglycerides and longchain fatty acids Type 1 Diabetes: We also discuss several other topics like Batman (idea/symbol; can't be corrupted) ▪ What is Batman an idea/symbol of?
Type of diabetes that results from inadequate pancreatic production of insulin; commonly known as childhood diabetes
Saturated fat:
solid at room temp
Type 2 Diabetes:
This type of diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance and obesity Unsaturated fat:
fat is liquid at room temperature
Bile: If you want to learn more check out What is the difference between anatomy and physiology?
Don't forget about the age old question of Theory Value refers to what?
Acts as an emulsifier so that enzymes may act on fat Amino Acids:
building blocks of proteins
HCL:
Uncoils protein in the stomach
Highquality protein:
a protein that contains all 9 essential amino acids Monosaccharides:
fructose, glucose
Disaccharides:
lactose, maltose, sucrose
Polysaccharides:
glycogen, fiber
