Description
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Definitions:
Opportunity Cost: the cost of what we must give up (usually the cost of the second best alternative) Marginal Cost: The cost of adding another good
Ceteris Paribus: All things equal
Production Possibilities Frontier: Show the value of trade by expressing opportunity cost as slope Absolute Advantage: one is better in absolute terms
Comparative Advantage: One is better in relative terms
Compliments: Increase in price A, decrease supply/demand B
Substitutes: Increase in price A, increase supply/demand B
Normal Good: Income increases so demand increases
Inferior Good: Income increases so demand decreases
Tariff: Imposing a tax on imported goods
Quota: Setting a limit on the number of imports
Depression: a deep and prolonged downturn
Recession: A downturn when output and employment are falling (shorter than depression)
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Expansion: GDP increases
Contraction: GDP decreases
Trade Surplus: exports are greater than imports
Stock Variable: Total amount inside something (wealth, debt)
Flow Variable: amount measured OVER TIME (income, spending) If you want to learn more check out phil hipskind
Positive Analysis: Explains how it is (factual)
Normative Analysis: Explains how it ought to be
Nominal GDP: The sum of all final goods and services produced within an economy over a given period of time measured in current prices
Real GDP: Sum of all final goods and services produced within an economy over a given period of time measured in constant prices
Frictional Unemployment: Natural cycle between workers and jobs
Structural Unemployment: Natural cycle with the business cycle: recessions and depressions and such Cyclical Unemployment: Short term
Variables
Equations
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We also discuss several other topics like sympartic
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Y: Income/GDP
C: Consumer Spending
G: Government Spending
T: Tax
I: Investment
S: Savings
NX: Net Exports (ExportsImports)
Y = C + I + G + NX
Y – T
Y – T C
T – G
Y – C G
( I – S) + NX = 0
Finding GDP in an open economy
Disposable income
Private Savings
Public Savings
National Savings
National Income Account in Open Economy
GDP Deflator
Consumer Price Index
Labor Force Participation Rate
Unemployment Rate
Cost of inflation
Real inflation Rate
Fisher Equation
NominalGDP
Real GDP
Price index New−Priceindex old
Price Index Old∗100
U +E
Adult Population∗100
U
Labor Force∗100
P( t+1)−P(t)
P(t)∗100=π
P(t+1)=D (t )
D (t+1)
P(t )(1+r)
a. i = r + π