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Section 3.1If you want to learn more check out What are the three primary agents of metamorphism?

If you want to learn more check out What is a process used to treat phobias?
We also discuss several other topics like What is pseudorandom?

Tree - a connected graph without circuitsIf you want to learn more check out Discuss what chargaff's rule is about.

We also discuss several other topics like What idea refers to a communal group of actors who believed in communism and revealing what the bottom of the social scale was like?

Theorem 1: if T is connected, these are equivalent (imply each other)

• T has no circuits
• If a is a node rh for every node x there exists a unique path between a and y.
• For every noe pair x and y, there exists a unique path between x and y
• T is minimally connected. Removing an edge and means T is no longer connected

We also discuss several other topics like mdu4003 uf

Theorem 2: A tree on n nodes has n-1 edges

Leaf - a node in a rooted tree, without children

Internal path - node in a rooted tree that isn’t a leaf

m-ary tree - each internal node has m children in this tree

Theorem 3 - An m-ary tree with i internal nodes has n≈mi+1 nodes

Corollary in an m-ary tree T

• i internal nodes imply leaves
•  leaves imply internal nodes and nodes
• H nodes imply  internal nodes and  leaves

Height - length of longest path between root and leaf

Balanced tree - a rooted tree is a balanced ifall

                leaves are at level h or h-1 (within level in closeness)

Balanced                 Not balanced

Theorem 4: Let T be an m-ary tree of height h with l leaves;

• 
•  and if tree is balanced

             ↖          Symbols means you round up                        ↗

A tree with nodes  must have at least 2 nodes of degree 1

list - seen but unexplored nodes

S - starting node

        Put s on lit

        Mark s as seen

        While list contains node(s)

                Pick a node i from list

                If edge (i,j) exists with unseed node j

                        then mark j as seen

                        mark (i,j) as tree edge

                        put j on list

                Otherwise remove j from list

        This only finds all nodes if graph is connected

        “Tree edges” don't form circuits

References: