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Assign priorities to the groups in each set. (a) !CH2OH and !CH2CH2OH (b) !CH2OH and

Chapter 3, Problem 3.2

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QUESTION:

Assign priorities to the groups in each set. (a) !CH2OH and !CH2CH2OH (b) !CH2OH and !CH"CH2(c) !CH2OH and !C(CH3)3

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QUESTION:

Assign priorities to the groups in each set. (a) !CH2OH and !CH2CH2OH (b) !CH2OH and !CH"CH2(c) !CH2OH and !C(CH3)3

ANSWER:

Key concept

Enantiomers

Enantiomers are a type of stereoisomers, which are isomers that have the same chemical formula and the same connectivity of atoms, but a different arrangement of atoms in space.

Enantiomers are a specific type of stereoisomers that are mirror images of each other, but are non-superimposable. They are also known as optical isomers, because they rotate plane polarized light in opposite directions.

Enantiomers are also chemically identical and have the same physical properties such as melting and boiling point, solubility, but they differ in their biological activity and reactivity towards other chiral molecules. For example, one enantiomer of a drug may have the desired therapeutic effect, while the other enantiomer may have no effect or even harmful side effects.

Enantiomers are represented by the (R) and (S) notation, which is based on the priority of the substituents attached to the chiral center.

R is when the order of priority is clockwise, and  is when the order of priority is counterclockwise.

There are certain rules to assign priority

1) The higher the atomic number of the group bonded, higher is the priority.

2) If the first bonded atom is the same, then moved to the next bonded atom to assign priority

3) When there is a , add two more imaginary carbons. When there is a , add four imaginary carbons to assign the priority

4) Priority is assigned by the first point of difference, so longer chains will not necessarily have the higher priority.

Step 1 of 3

(a)

Groups  and

In group-I, carbon is attached to oxygen and two hydrogens , and in group-II, carbon is attached to one carbon, and two hydrogens . Oxygen atomic number is higher than carbon. So, give high priority to the group-I.

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