Cromolyn sodium, developed in the 1960s, has been used to prevent allergic reac-tions

Chapter 21, Problem 21.54

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Cromolyn sodium, developed in the 1960s, has been used to prevent allergic reac-tions primarily affecting the lungs, as, for example, exercise-induced emphysema. Itis thought to block the release of histamine, which prevents the sequence of eventsleading to swelling, itching, and constriction of bronchial tubes. Cromolyn sodium issynthesized in the following series of steps. Treatment of one mole of epichlorohydrin(Section 11.10) with two moles of 2,6-dihydroxyacetophenone in the presence of basegives I. Treatment of I with two moles of diethyl oxalate in the presence of sodiumethoxide gives a diester II. Saponification of the diester with aqueous NaOH givescromolyn sodium.

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