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Get Full Access to Chemistry: The Central Science - 14 Edition - Chapter 19 - Problem 19.29
Get Full Access to Chemistry: The Central Science - 14 Edition - Chapter 19 - Problem 19.29

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# ?For the isothermal expansion of a gas into a vacuum, $$\Delta E$$ = 0, q = 0, and w = 0. (a) Is this a spontaneous process? (b) Ex

ISBN: 9780134414232 1274

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Chemistry: The Central Science | 14th Edition

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Problem 19.29

For the isothermal expansion of a gas into a vacuum, $$\Delta E$$ = 0, q = 0, and w = 0.

(a) Is this a spontaneous process?

(b) Explain why no work is done by the system during this process.

(c) What is the “driving force” for the expansion of the gas: enthalpy or entropy?

Text Transcription:

\Delta E

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1 of 5) Other isotopes can be similarly used to date other types of objects. For example, it takes 4.5 * 109 yr for half of a sample of uranium-238 to decay to lead-206. The age of rocks containing uranium can therefore be determined by measuring the ratio of lead-206 to uranium-238. If the lead-206 had somehow become incorporated into the rock by normal chemical processes instead of by radioactive decay, the rock would also contain large amounts of the more abundant isotope lead-208. In the absence of large amounts of this “geonormal” isotope of lead, it is assumed that all of the lead-206 was at one time uranium-238. The oldest rocks found on Earth are approximately 3 x 109 yr old. This age indicates that Earth’s crust has been solid for at least this length of time. Scientists estimate that it required 1 x 109 to 1.5 x 109 yr for Earth to cool and its surface to become solid, making the age of Earth 4.0 to 4.5 * 109 yr.

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?For the isothermal expansion of a gas into a vacuum, $$\Delta E$$ = 0, q = 0, and w = 0. (a) Is this a spontaneous process? (b) Ex