Nuclear Reactions
Consider Figure 10.12 . If the magnetic field is replaced by an electric field pointed in toward the page, in which directions will the \(\alpha^{-}, \beta^{+}, \text { and } \gamma\) rays bend?
Text Transcription:
alpha^-, beta^+, and gamma
TEMPERATURE AND HEAT Friday, January 19, 20118:39 INTRODUCTION -temperature and heat are NOT interchangeable -temperature: microscopic level -average kinetic energy of particles -heat: macroscopic level THERMOMETERS -used to measure temperature -volume of liquid in thermometer changes with temperature -temporal artery thermometer: measures infrared radiation from skin overlying main artery in head -infrared detector does not touch skin THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM -two systems in thermal equilibrium if and only if they have the same temperature -zeroth law of thermodynamics: if system C is in thermal equilibrium with system A and B, then A and B are in thermal equilibrium with each other -A and B have same temperature TEMPERATURE SCALES 1. Celsius (centigrade) o -freezing point of water: 0 C -boiling point of water: 100 C -to convert to Fahrenheit: TF= (9/5)T C 32 -to convert to Kelvin: K = TC+ 273.15 2. Fahrenheit -freezing point of water: 32 F -boiling point of water: 212 F -to convert to Celsius: T = (5/9)(T - 32) C F ABSOLUTE ZERO -temperature at which the absolute pressure of any gas would become zero -273.15 C and 0 K LINEAR THERMAL EXPANSION -increasing temperature of road causes it to expand -change in length: ∆L = αL0∆T (α = coefficient of linear expansion) -molecular basis: -atoms held together by springs -when temperature increases, average distance between atoms increases -atoms get farther apart -- every dimension increases -if object has hole -- hole expands with object -change i
