Step 1 of 5) From methanol to formic acid, the number of C-O bonds increases from 0 to 3 (double bonds are counted as two). If you were to calculate the oxidation state of carbon in these compounds, it would range from -4 in methane (if H’s are counted as +1) to +2 in formic acid, which is consistent with carbon being oxidized. The ultimate oxidation product of any organic compound, then, is CO2, which is indeed the product of combustion reactions of carbon-containing compounds (CO2 has 4 C¬O bonds, and C has the oxidation state +4). Aldehydes and ketones can be prepared by controlled oxidation of alcohols. Complete oxidation results in formation of CO2 and H2O, as in the burning of methanol:Controlled partial oxidation to form other organic substances, such as aldehydes and ketones, is carried out by using various oxidizing agents, such as air, hydrogen peroxide 1H2O22, ozone 1O32, and potassium dichromate.Acetic acid can also be produced by the reaction of methanol with carbon monoxide in the presence of a rhodium catalyst:This reaction is not an oxidation; it involves, in effect, the insertion of a carbon monoxide molecule between the CH3 and OH groups. A reaction of this kind is called carbonylation. Carboxylic acids can undergo condensation reactions with alcohols to form esters:Esters are compounds in which the H atom of a carboxylic acid is replaced by a carbon containing group:
Draw the molecular structure for (a) an aldehyde that is an isomer of acetone, (b) an ether that is an isomer of 1-propanol.
ISBN: 9780134414232
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Solution for problem 24.45 Chapter 24
Chemistry: The Central Science | 14th Edition
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Draw the molecular structure for (a) an aldehyde that is an isomer of acetone, (b) an ether that is an isomer of 1-propanol.