Show that a process in which liquid water at \(5.0 \ ^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) solidifies to ice at the same temperature is not spontaneous (Hint: calculate the total change in the entropy). The data required are given in Exercise E3B.7(a).
Text Transcription:
5.0 degree C
Chase Bobier CHEM 1010 notes week 7 Important terms Things you need to know Ionic and Covalent Compounds A compound is formed when two or more different elements combine chemically Bonds -Ionic bonds are the electrostatic force between ions of opposing charges. So anions bond with cations. Ionic compounds are always neutral, having no charge. (Example: Ns and Cl bond to form NaCl) -Covalent bonds are when atoms ‘share’ electrons between each other in pairs. Covalent compounds are usually formed between two nonmetals. Predicting the Formula of Ionic Compounds (Ionic compounds are a metal and a nonmetal) 1) Write the metal with it’s cationic charge 2) Write the nonmetal with it’s anionic charge 3) Combine the ions to form an electrically neutral formula. Sometimes you might need multiple of one or both of the atoms to make this happen. Nomenclature Ionic Compounds -ionic compounds have no prefixes -metal+nonmetal has the suffix of –ide -ionic compounds with high amounts of oxygen end in –ate Covalent Compounds (Two-element compounds) 1) First element is named first 2) Second Element is named second 3) Apply prefixes for multiple atoms Prefixes 2= di ( NO 2 Nitrogen dioxide) 3= tri (PCL 3 Phosporus trichlroide) 4= tetra (N 2 4 dinitrogen tetraoxide) 5= penta 6= hexa 7= hepta 8= octa 9= nona 10= deca Refer to page 84 of General, Organic, and Biochemistry for information on Lewis Dot Stru
