CHE​ 1​ 05 8/23/17 Chapter​ ​1 Chemistry-​ ​the​ ​study​ ​of​ ​the​ ​composition,​ ​properties,​ ​and​ ​interactions​ ​of​ ​matter​ ​and​ ​the​ ​energy changes​ t​ ha​ ccompany​ c​ hemical​ ​processes ● Attempts​ ​to​ ​understand​ ​the​ ​behavior​ ​of​ ​matter​ ​extend​ ​back​ ​more​ ​than​ ​2500​ ​years ○ Alchemists​ ​attempted​ ​to​ ​transform​ ​base​ ​metals​ ​into​ ​noble​ ​metals ● Chemistry​ ​is​ ​based​ ​on​ ​observations​ ​and​ ​measurements​ ​made​ ​in​ ​an​ ​organized​ ​manner--- the​ ​scientific​ ​method ● The​ ​Scientific​ ​method ○ Chemists​ ​formulate​ ​a​ ​hypothesis​ ​or​ ​an​ ​explanation​ ​of​ ​observations ○ Test​ ​the​ ​hypothes​ ith​ ​experiments ● Laws​ ​(of​ ​science)-​ ​summarize​ ​a​ ​number​ ​of​ ​experimental​ ​observations ● Theory-​ ​a​ ​well​ ​substantiated,​ ​comprehensive,​ ​testable​ ​explanation​ ​of​ ​a​ ​particular​ ​aspect of​ ​nature. ● Macroscopic​ ​domain-​ ​sensed​​ irectly​ ​by​ ​sight​ ​or​ ​touch ○ Ex.​ ​moisture​ ​in​ ​the​ ​air,​ i​ ce​ cean​ ​the​ o ● Microscopic​ ​domain-​ ​too​ ​small​ ​to​ ​see​ ​with​ ​“ordinary”​ ​instruments ○ Molecular​ ​level ■ Gaseous​ ​water​ ​in​ ​our​ ​atmosphere​ ​not​ ​visible​ ​but​ ​can​ ​be​ ​sensed​ ​as humidity ● Matter-​ ​anything​ ​t​ ccupies​ ​space​ ​a​ as​ ​mass ○ Solid,​ ​liqui​ as,​ ​or​ ​plasma ■ Solid​ ​has​ ​a​ ​fixed​ ​shape​ ​and​ ​volume,​ ​atoms​ ​and​ ​molecu