The difference in chemical potential of a particular substance between two regions of a system is \(+7.1 \ \mathrm{kJ} \ \mathrm{mol}^{-1}\). By how much does the Gibbs energy change when 0.10 mmol of that substance is transferred from one region to the other?
Text Transcription:
+7.1 kJ mol^-1
Intro to Organic Chemistry 1- Week 1 notes 8/21/18 Key Terms Lecture 1 Review from General Chemistry ● Atom ○ Nucleus (center) no volume but mass=1 amu (protons and neutrons) ○ Electrons- electronic cloud=volume; mass=.0005 amu ○ Neutral atoms- #of proton=# of electrons ● Symbol ○ Top number- neutrons ○ Bottom number-protons ○ Different forms of the same element can have different masses. These are called isotopes ● The Four Quantum Numbers ○ 1. Principal Quantum Number (n)- main energy level. n=1, 2, 3… ○ 2. Secondary Quantum Number (l) - type of orbital. Value depends on value of n. l= 0, 1… n-1 ○ 3. Magnetic Quantum Number (m l - # of possible orientationml1...0…+1 In 3D space for each type of orbital ○ 4. Spin Quantum Number (m ) 2sossible values. +½ or -½ ● Carbon is the most important element. Going to be focusing mostly on the nonmetals of the second row ● To make it organic it has to have carbon and hydrogen ● Potential energy is inverse of stability ● Uncertainty Principle- it is impossible to know the electron’s velocity and it’s position simultaneously (the atom is fuzzy) ● Potential Energy increases as the distance from the nucleus increases (less stable) ● Orbital- a region in 3D space where there is a high probability of finding the electron ○ Only 2 electrons can occupy an orbital (they hav
