Assuming that Coca-Cola has the same specific heat as water, how much energy in calories is removed when 350 g of Coca-Cola (about the contents of one 33 cL can) is cooled from room temperature \(\left(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\right)\) to refrigerator temperature\(\left(3^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\right)\)?
Text Transcription:
25^circ C
3^circ C
February 1519 Chapter 3 Notes (Continued): Atoms and Ionic Bonds: *Removing Valence electrons to form a cation requires the INPUT of energy* Ionization Energy: - Lowest ionization energy for group 1A cations because they have low effective nuclear charge and large radii - Ionization Energy increases up and to the right of the periodic table Ionization Radii: - Beryllium: [He]2S 2 2 1 - Boron: [He]2S 2P - Magnesium: [Ne]3S 2 2 1 - Aluminum: [Ne]3S 3P - Easier to remove electrons from p subshell than a full s subshell 1 3 - Nitrogen: [He]2S 2P - Oxygen: [He]2S 2P 1 4 - Easier to remove a paired p electron than to remove a p electron from a half full subshell Higher Ionization Energy: st - 1 ionization energy: +energy m+ + e o Mg: 1S 2S 2P 3S Mg : 1S 2S 2P 3S 2 2 6 1 nd + 2 - 2 ionization energy: m + Energy m + +e o Mg : 1S 2S 2P 3S Mg : 1S 2S 2P+2 2 2 6 rd +2 3+ - 3 ionization energy: m + Energy m + e o Mg : 1S 2S 2P Mg : 1S 2S 2P3+ 2 2 5 VERY UNLIKELY! Requires too much energy!!! So, Magnesium has the highest 3 ionization energy Electron Affinity
