Refer to Fig. 11A.9, which depicts a Michelson interferometer. The mirror \(\mathbf{M}_{1}\) moves in discrete distance increments, so the path difference p is also incremented in discrete steps. Explore the effect of increasing the step size on the shape of the interferogram for a monochromatic beam of wavenumber \(\tilde{\boldsymbol{V}}\) and intensity \(I_{0}\). That is, draw plots of \(I(p) / I_{0}\) against \(\tilde{v} p\), each with a different number of data points spanning the same total distance path taken by the movable mirror \(\mathbf{M}_{1}\).
Text Transcription:
M_1
tildeV
I_0
Ip/I_0
Tildevp
Triethylamine=(CH3CH2)3N= -sulfonates act as alkyl halide surrogates and maintain the stereochemistry of the original molecule CHAPTER 6: *NOTE:avoid forming a primary carbocation when making mechanisms *NOTE:look atTable 6.1 in the textbook Nucleophiles 1.Alkoxide ion -sodium hydride can be used to prepare alkoxides -potassium hydride can be used to form tertiary alcohols into alkoxides -sterically hindered 3˚ alkoxides give ONLY elimination 2.Carboxylate ion M+=Li+,K+,Na+ 3.Hydrogen sulfide ion 4.Cyanide ion 5.Azide ion (N3-) -more hydrogens replaced on a C---C double bond means the molecule is more stable Example: -polar,parotid solvent promotes Sn2 reaction -Example:dimethyl sulfoxide -the OH is not a good leaving group when reacting with NaCN and dimethyl sulfoxide alone=no reaction -see slide 6-5 -don't use CN for the protonation of OH Halide Nucleophiles Fastest I- > Br- > Cl- > F- Slowest Best leaving group I- > Br- > Cl- > F- Worst leaving group -nucleophilic substitution at Csp3 Most reactive RI > RBr > RCl > RF Least reactive *NOTE:a concerted reaction is a one-step mechanism HOMO=highest occupied molecular orbital HOAO=highest occupied atomic orbital Steric Effects on Sn2 -methyl is least sterically hindered so fastest rate -1˚ is slower -2˚ is even slower -3˚ very hindered,too slow=no reaction ß steric hinderance: -if t
