Explore how the entropy of a collection of two-level systems behaves when the temperature is formally allowed to become negative. You should also construct a graph in which the temperature is replaced by the variable \(\beta=1 / k T\). Account for the appearance of the graphs physically.
Text Transcription:
beta=1/kT
Chemistry Unit 2- Chapter 4 Notes 1. Chemical Equations and Calculations a. Moles and Molar Mass i. Avogadro’s Number 1. Represents the number of atoms in 1 mole of any substance 2. 1 mole = 6.02 x 10 23 ii. Molar Mass 1. This is equal to one mole of any substance 2. This is also equal to the atomic mass ( LISTED ON THE PERIODIC TABLE) in grams of an element 3. 1 mole= molar mass(g)= 6.02x10 particles/atoms 4. To calculate the mass, add grams to the end of the atomic mass. This represents how many grams make up a mole. iii. Molar mass of a compound 1. To calculate the molar mass of a compound, add the mass of the present elements together. If there are multiple of one element, take this into consideration. **** EXAMPLES PRESENT ON HER D2L PAGE AS WELL AS DONE IN CLASS. CONTACT ME PERSONALLY IF YOU WISH TO GO OVER THESE PROBLEMS IN PERSON. b. Chemical Reactions i. Evidence 1. Releasing of a gas a. Normally appears as bubbling b. Ex. CO 2s released when acid is placed in a solution containing carbonate ions 2. Formation of a solid (precipitate)
