8.21.2015 Dr. Whitehead BIOL 1030 CHAPTER 1: exploring life SECTIONS 1.1-1.4 What is it  The study of life  Living vs. Nonliving o Exploring the characteristics Properties of Life: 1. ORDER  Complexity  Organization 2. REPRODUCTION 3. GROWTH  Development  DNA 4. ENERGY PROCESSING  Food  Energy  Life 5. REGULATION  Temperature 6. RESPONSE TO THE ENVIRONMENT  Change 7. EVOLUTIONARY ADAPTATIONS  DNA Changes  Mutations Organizations of Life:  Biosphere o Living organisms  Ecosystem o Particular area o Everything living in the particular area and its components,  Water  pH  living types  Community o Just organisms  Population o Species  Ex: All birds  Organisms o Single living entity 8.21.2015 Dr. Whitehead BIOL 1030  Organ System o Multiple organs that work together to make one function  Organ o Single organ with one function  Tissue o Many cells make up the tissues that make the organ  Cell o Smallest unit classified as living  Organelle o Nucleus o Inside cells/membrane bound with function  Molecules o DNA Emergent Properties:  Going from molecules to the biosphere  New properties emerge at each level o Interactions o LIFE=emergent property at cellular level  Cells are living, organelles are not Cells:  Level where life emerges  All cells have a membrane o Controls what goes in and out of the cell  DNA  Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells PROKARYOTIC  Without a nucleus  Evolved first  More simple  Does not have all organelles  Smaller EUKARYOTIC  Has a nucleus  Evolved later  More complex  Membrane bound organelles  Bigger 8.21.2015 Dr. Whitehead BIOL 1030 Interactions:  How organisms interact with their environment o Nutrients­cycle o Energy­flows  Nutrients o Cycling through the form  Carbon  Hydrogen  Oxygen  PRODUCERS=plants o Capture CO2  CONSUMERS=animals o Nutrients move from producer to consumer and keep getting passed along  DECOMPOSERS=fungi o Breaks down dead material o Returns organic compounds and nutrients into the atmosphere to restart the cycle  Energy flows in and out of the environment where nutrients stay in the environment o PRIMARY SOURCE=sun o Producers plants capture the energy from the sun o The producers then use photosynthesis to send energy to the consumers o The consumers then uses metabolism to send to the decomposers o HOWEVER, energy is lost through these processes, also known as heat. 8.21.2015 Dr. Whitehead BIOL 1030