A concentration cell ceases to operate when the concentrations of the two cell compartments are equal. At this stage, is it possible to generate an emf from the cell by adjusting another parameter without changing the concentrations? Explain.
Metabolism ***FOR EXAM it is most important to know basic concepts along w/ reactants, products & enzymes/cofactors and where things happen – specific intermediate steps are not as important. Make sure to know how much of each product is produced from each step (glycolysis, Krebs/Citric Acid cycle, etc. for a given amount of a certain reactant!*** ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) – cellular energy currency Made from adenine, ribose & 3 phosphate groups ATP Hydrolysis fun fact: every day you turn over (breakdown & resynthesize) an amount of ATP roughly equivalent to your body weight! Cellular movement, molecular synthesis, & transport across membranes all require ATP Phosphocreatine (PCr) Creatine phosphate + ADP -> creatine k Citric acid (Krebs) cycle -> oxidative phosphorylation Glycolysis 10 separate sequential chemical reactions that break down glucose into 2 pyruvate molecules Anaerobic process Occurs in cytosol of cell Not very efficient – low energy yield Glucose -> 2 pyruvate + + Uses 2 NAD and 2 ADP + 2 P -> 2iNADH + H (to be used in oxidative phosphorylation) and 2 ATP Mitochondria and ATP production Pyruvate converts to acetate -> Acetyl-CoA -> citric acid cycle -> Occurs in mitochondrial matrix Mitochondria Energy organelle Major site of ATP production Contains enzymes for
