Determine the chemical formula of each compound and refer to the formula to calculate the mass percent composition of each constituent element.
(a) copper(II) iodide
(b) sodium nitrate
(c) lead(II) sulfate
(d) calcium fluoride
Solution 109P
Here, we have to calculate the mass percent composition of each constituent element.The mass percent composition or mass percent of an element is that the percentage of the element present in compound’s total mass.
% mass = (mass of element in 1 mole of the compound) / (molar mass of the compound) x 100%
(a) copper(II) iodide
The chemical formula of the compound is CuI2.
Molar mass of Copper iodide = 63.546 g/mol + 2x 126.904 g/mol
= 317.354 g/mol
Molar mass of Cu = 63.456 g/mol
Molar mass of I = 126.904 g/mol
Thus,
Mass percent of I = x 100
= 79.97%
Mass percent of Cu = x 100
= 19.99 %
Thus, the chemical formula of the compound is CuI2.
And the mass percent of Cu is 19.99 % and
The mass percent of I is 79.97%
(b) sodium nitrate
The chemical formula of the compound is NaNO3.
Molar mass of Na = 22.989 g/mol
Molar mass of N = 14.0 g/mol
Molar mass of O = 16.0 g/mol
Molar mass of NaNO3 = 22.989 g/mol + 14.0 g/mol +3 x 16.0 g/mol
= 84.989 g/mol
Thus,
Mass percent of Na = x 100
= 27.05 %
Mass percent of N = x 100
= 16.47 %
Mass percent of O = x 100
= 56.47 %
Thus, the chemical formula of the compound is NaNO3 and
the mass percent of Na is 27.05%
The mass percent of N is 16.47 %
The mass percent of O is 56.47 %
(c) lead(II) sulfate
The chemical formula of the compound is PbSO4.
Molar mass of Pb = 207.2 g/mol
Molar mass of S = 32.065 g/mol
Molar mass of O = 16.0 g/mol
Molar mass of PbSO4 = 207.2 g/mol + 32.065 g/mol + 4 x 16.0 g/mol
= 303.265 g/mol
Thus,
Mass percent of Pb = x 100
= 68.32 %
Mass percent of S = x 100
= 10.57 %
Mass percent of O = x 100
= 21.10 %
Thus, the chemical formula of the compound is PbSO4 and
the mass percent of Pb is 68.32 %
The mass percent of S is 10.57 %
The mass percent of O is 21.10 %
(d) calcium fluoride
The chemical formula of the compound is CaF2.
Molar mass of Ca =40.078 g/mol
Molar mass of F = 18.998 g/mol
Molar mass of CaF2 = 40.078 g/mol + 2x 18.998 g/mol
= 78.074 g/mol
Thus,
Mass percent of Ca = x 100
= 51.333 %
Mass percent of F = x 100
= 48.666 %
Thus, the chemical formula of the compound is CaF2 and
the mass percent of Ca is 51.33 %
The mass percent of F is 48.66 %