Is each compound soluble or insoluble? For the soluble compounds, identify the ions

Step 1 of 2

Solubility of any compound can be identified by the interaction between polar water molecules and the ions which make up the crystal.

There are certain rules which help us to determine the solubility of any substance in water. These rules are given below:

1. All salts of the group I elements (alkali metals = Na, Li, K, Cs, Rb) are soluble.

2. All nitrates \(\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}{ }^{-}\right)\) are soluble.

3. Chlorate \(\left(\mathrm{ClO}_{3}^{-}\right)\), perchlorate \(\left(\mathrm{ClO}_{4}^{-}\right)\), and acetate \(\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COO}^{-}\right)\) salts are soluble.

4.  All chlorides, bromides, and iodides are soluble except those of silver, mercury, and lead (e.g., \(\mathrm{AgCl}, \mathrm{Hg}_{2} \mathrm{Cl}_{2} \text {, and } \mathrm{PbCl}_{2}\)).

5. Most sulfates are soluble. Exceptions include \(\mathrm{BaSO}_{4}\), \(\mathrm{PbSO}_{4}\), and \(\mathrm{SrSO}_{4}\)

6. All carbonates are insoluble except \(\mathrm{NH}_{4}^{+}\) and those of the group I elements.

7. All hydroxides are insoluble except those of the Group 1 elements. \(\mathrm{Ba}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}\), \(\mathrm{Sr}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}\) and \(\mathrm{Ca}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}\) are slightly soluble.

8. All sulfides are insoluble except those of the Group 1 and group II elements and \(\mathrm{NH}_{4}{ }^{+}\)

9. Phosphates are frequently insoluble except those of the Group 1 elements and \(\mathrm{NH}_{4}{ }^{+}\).