For each of the reactions in 19, indicate which reactant

Solution 20P

Step 1 of 4:

Here, we are asked to show which is an electrophile and a nucleophile in the reactions:

An electrophile is a molecule that is attracted to electrons. It accepts an electron pair to form a covalent bond. They are positively charged.

A nucleophile is a molecule that donates an electron pair to an electrophile to form a covalent bond in a reaction.

a.

Here, the O atom that is double-bonded gains a proton and H3O+ loses a proton with oxygen retaining the electrons it shared with the proton. Thus, the O atom that gained a proton becomes positively charged, and the O atom that lost a proton has no charge.