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(a) Describe Rutherford's experiment and how it led to the
Chapter 2, Problem 78P(choose chapter or problem)
(a) Describe Rutherford's experiment and how it led to the structure of the atom. How was he able to estimate the number of protons in a nucleus from the scattering of the \(\alpha\) particles? (b) Consider the \({ }^{23} \mathrm{Na}\) atom. Given that the radius and mass of the nucleus are \(3.04\times10^{-15}\mathrm{\ m}\) and \(3.82\times10^{-23}\mathrm{\ g}\), respectively, calculate the density of the nucleus in \(\mathrm{g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3}\). The radius of a \({ }^{23} \mathrm{Na}\) atom is 186 pm. Calculate the density of the space occupied by the electrons in the model of an atom? Do your results support Rutherford’s model of an atom? [The volume of a sphere of radius \(r\) is \((4 / 3) \pi r^{3}\).]
Questions & Answers
QUESTION:
(a) Describe Rutherford's experiment and how it led to the structure of the atom. How was he able to estimate the number of protons in a nucleus from the scattering of the \(\alpha\) particles? (b) Consider the \({ }^{23} \mathrm{Na}\) atom. Given that the radius and mass of the nucleus are \(3.04\times10^{-15}\mathrm{\ m}\) and \(3.82\times10^{-23}\mathrm{\ g}\), respectively, calculate the density of the nucleus in \(\mathrm{g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3}\). The radius of a \({ }^{23} \mathrm{Na}\) atom is 186 pm. Calculate the density of the space occupied by the electrons in the model of an atom? Do your results support Rutherford’s model of an atom? [The volume of a sphere of radius \(r\) is \((4 / 3) \pi r^{3}\).]
ANSWER:Step 1 of 4
Here we have to explain Rutherford’s experiment and have to calculate the density of the space occupied by the electrons in the sodium atom.
(a) Rutherford’s experiment:-
In Rutherford’s experiment, the scattering of alpha particles has been demonstrated.In this experiment, a radioactive metal polonium was taken in a lead box with a narrow hole. Polonium is an emitter alpha particles. A thin beam of very high-speed alpha particles is allowed to come out from the lead box through the fine hole and then it allowed to strike on a very thin gold foil. To monitor the path of the alpha particles a movable fluorescent screen (ZnS) was placed behind the gold foil.When alpha particles strike on the gold foil following observations were made.